4G Wireless Networks

Sharath Kumar N
I sem M.Tech, CS&E
Dept of ISE, DSCE.
Outline :
 History
 Limitations of 3G
 4G
 Why 4G is needed?
 Standards
 Scope in 4G
 Challenges
 Conclusion

 References

Dept of ISE,DSCE
HISTORY:
Implemented in 1980s

1G Analog Signals

AMPS
NMT
TACS

AMPS – Advanced Mobile Phone System

NMT – Nordic Mobile Telephone
TACS – Total Access Communications System

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(Contd..)
Implemented in 1991s

2G Digital Signals

GSM
CDMA
TDMA

Digital data services such as

SMS & email

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(Contd..)
2.5G:
 2.5G is a stepping stone between 2G and 3G cellular wireless
technologies.
 Second and a half generation is used to describe 2G-systems that
have implemented a packet switched domain in addition to the
circuit switched domain.

 Introduction of General Packet Radio Service(GPRS).

 GPRS could provide data rates from 56 kbit/s up to 115 kbit/s. It

can be used for services such as WAP , MMS and for Internet access.

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(Contd..) Design started in 1992
&
Implemented in 2001

3G
Simultaneous use of speech
and data services

CDMA2000
UMTS
EDGE

Video on demand Data rates upto 2Mbit/s

Video conferencing
Mobile Internet access
Mobile TV
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Limitations of 3G:
 3G can support multimedia internet type services at high data rates up
to 384kb/s for moving up to 2Mb/s in limited coverage area.
 Difficult to roam across distinct service environment in different
frequency bands.
 To ensure connection ubiquity together with high bandwidth and
mobility, the network architecture must be heterogeneous rather than
homogeneous.
 It is difficult to provide full range of services with different QoS and
performance requirements.

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4G:
 4G has no formal definition yet, but is described as MAGIC
 Mobile multimedia

 Anytime anywhere

 Global mobility support

 Integrated wireless solution

 Customized personal service

 4G sets the peak download speed at 100Mbit/s for high

mobility devices and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility devices.

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(Contd…)

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Why 4G is needed?
 High performance.

 Interoperability & easy roaming.

 Fully converged services.

 Crisis-Management applications.

 Devices :more user friendly interface.

 Scalability.

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4G wireless standards:

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(Contd..)

There are two standards which are considered:

1. LTE (Long Term Evolution):
 radio technology designed to increase the
capacity and speed of mobile telephone
networks.
 provides downlink peak rates of at least
100 Mbps, an uplink of at least 50 Mbps.
 integration with older technology such as
GSM,UMTS,CDMA2000 is easier.
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(Contd..)

2. WIMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) :

 is a telecommunications protocol that provides fixed and
fully mobile Internet access.
 current WiMAX provides up to 40 Mbit/s with the IEEE
802.16 update expected to offer up to 1 Gbit/s fixed speeds.
 802.16e – Mobile WiMAX
 802.16d – Fixed WiMAX

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Scope in 4G:
The different technologies suggested to be deployed in 4G
may include:
1. Software Defined Ratio(SDR):
 is a radio communication system where components that have
been typically implemented in hardware are instead
implemented by means of software on a personal computer or
embedded computing devices(Fig ).
 e.g. mixers, filters, amplifiers, modulators/demodulators,
detectors, etc.

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(Contd..)

Fig .Block diagram of generic SDR

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(Contd..)
2. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM):
 is a multi-carrier transmission technique.
 Multiple messages can be sent in moving a single radio
channel in OFDM using principles of FDM.

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(Contd..)
3. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO):
 use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and
receiver to improve communication performance.
 MIMO technology has attracted attention in wireless
communications, because it offers significant increases
in data throughput.

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Challenges:
 Multimode user terminals:

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(Contd..)

 Security

 Selection among various wireless systems

 Charging/Billing

 Quality of service

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Recent Developments:
 Japanese company NTT DoCoMo, completed a trial of 4G communication
system prototype at 100 Mbit/s while moving and 1 Gbit/s while stationary
in February 2007 and is planning on releasing the first commercial network
in 2010.
 On December 14, 2009, the first commercial LTE deployment was in the
Stockholm and Oslo by the Swedish-Finnish network operator
TeliaSonera and its Norweigan brand name Netcom.
 TeliaSonera branded the network “4G”.

 On 5 June 2010, Sprint Nextel released

the first 4G Smartphone, the HTC Evo 4G.

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Conclusion:
 4G will be an intelligent technology that will interconnect the entire
world seamlessly.
 Projected 4G mobile communication system will reduce number of
different technologies to a single global standard.
 Technologies are evolving every day and night but the final success
of 4G mobile communication will depend upon the new services
and contents made available to users. These new applications must
meet user expectations, and give added value over existing offers.

Dept of ISE,DSCE
References:
 www.wikipedia.org

 4G as a Next Generation Wireless Network , IEEE

paper by Afaq H. Khan, Mohammed A. Qadeer ,
Juned A. Ansari , Sariya Waheed.

 4G Wireless Networks: Opportunities and

Challenges by Kaushal P. Makhecha, Kalpesh H.
Wandra.

Dept of ISE,DSCE
Dept of ISE,DSCE
THANK YOU

Dept of ISE,DSCE