Multiplexing 

(also known as muxing) is

a process where multiple analog message
signals or digital data streams are combined
into one signal over a shared medium.
 Time-division
multiplexing (TDM)
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a
type of digital or analog multiplexing in
which two or more signals or bit
streams are transferred apparently
simultaneously as sub-channels in one
communication channel, but are
physically taking turns on the channel
 Transmitter Block
ProductionDiagram
of TDM Signal

X1(t)
Adder

X2(t)
TDM ( PAM ) Wave :-
Following stages are involved
in designing a Transmitter :-
 Stage 1 :- Generation of continuous square
pulses by astable multivibrator
 Stage 2 :- Generation of Delayed pulse with
help of monostable multivibrator (using
IC555)
 Stage 3 :- Sampling of baseband signals.
 Stage 4 :- Adding all baseband signals
together to get TDM Wave.
 Astable Multivibrator Circuit

T = Tm + Ts 
Tm = 0.7 × R1 × C1
Ts  = 0.7 × R2 × C1   
  
Simulation output
   
 Monostable Multivibrator Circuit

V2
5Vdc C 6

8 .0 0 5 u
C 5 R 3 U 3
D 13
VC C
47k 2
0 .0 0 5 u D 1N 4148 T R IG G E R
4 3
5 R ES E T O U TP U T
6 C O N TR O L
R 4 7 TH R E S H O LD
330 D IS C H A R G E
G N D
555B
1

Simulation output
C 4
C 3
0 .1 u
0 .0 1 u

0
 d
b 0 c

0
0 0
V2 V3
5Vdc C6
V5
R6 V4
8 .0 0 5 u 8 5v C 9
C5 R3 U3 47k D 14 U5 R 14 8 5v
D 13 R 12 8 5v 47k D 16 U 7
VCC D 1 N 24 1 4 8 VCC .0 0 5 u
47k D 15 U6
10k 2 D 1 N 24 1 4 8 VCC
0 .0 0 5 u D 1N 4148 TR IG G E R 4 TR IG G E R
C 12 R 15
4 3 3 a D 1 N 24 1 4 8 VC C
4 T R IG G E R 3
5 R E S ET O U TPU T 5 R E S ET O U TP U T 4 T R IG G E R 3 5 R E S E T O U TP U T
C O N TR O L .0 0 5 u 10k
6 6 C O N TR O L 5 R ESET O U TPU T 6 C O N TR O L
TH R E S H O LD 6 C O N TR O L T H R E SH O LD
7 TH R ES H O LD
R 13 7
R4 7 R9 R 11 7 TH R ES H O LD D IS C H A R G E
3 5 6 .1 6 D IS C H A R G E D IS C H A R G E D IS C H A R G E 3 5 6 .1 6 GN D
GND 3 5 6 .16 GND 3 5 6 .1 6 GN D 555B
555B 1
555B 555B 1
1 1
C 14 C 13
C 11 C 10
.0 1 u .1 u
C8 C7 .0 1 u .1 u
C4
C3 .0 1 u .1 u
0 .1 u
0 .0 1 u

0 0
 Sampling

M(t) A/D
Ms(t)
conversion

Sampling
 Natural sampling (Sampling
with rectangular waveform)
Signal waveform
Sampled waveform

0 0
1 201 401 601 801 1001 1201 1401 1601 1801 2001 1 201 401 601 801 1001 1201 1401 1601 1801 200

Natural sampler

0
1 201 401 601 801 1001 1201 1401 1601 1801 2001
Sampling all signals using LF398
V 1 2 V 1 6
V 1 1 1 5 V d c V 1 5 1 5 V d c
0

1 5 V d c 1 5 V d c

4
V 7 U 9 + - V 9 U 1 1 + -
3 5 3 5

F R E Q = 2 5 0 h z L F 3 9 8 H F R E Q = 1 0 0 0 h z L F 3 9 8 H
V A M P L = 5 v V A M P L = 5 v
V O F F = 0 V O F F = 0
0 0
8
7
6

8
7
6
b

R 1 6 c R 2 0
4 7 k 4 7 k

0
0

V 1 4
V 1 3 1 5 V d c V 1 8
0 V 1 7 1 5 V d c

1 5 V d c
1 5 V d c
1

V 8 U 1 0 + -

4
3 5 V 1 0 U 1 2 + -
3 5
F R E Q = 5 0 0 h z L F 3 9 8 H
V A M P L = 5 v F R E Q = 2 0 0 0 h z L F 3 9 8 H
V O F F = 0 V A M P L = 5 v
8
7
6

0 V O F F = 0
0
8
7
6
a R 1 8
d R 2 2
4 7 k
4 7 k

0
0
Simulation Output Of TDM
 Adder Circuit Using Opamp

1 5 V d c
0

V 1 9

R 2 4

Adder , with the help of

1 k
R 2 5

1 k
opamp , is used to add all R 2 6 u A 7 4 1

4
2 1

V -
- O S 1

sampled signals to 1 k
R 2 7 O U T
6 e

3 5
produce TDM signal.

V +
+ O S 2 V
1 k
R 3 0 U 1 4
5 0 0

7
R 2 8 1 5 V d c
0
1 k
V 2 0

0
Block Diagram of TDM
Receiver Circuit
Following stages are involved in
designing a Receiver :-

 Stage 1 :-Sampling the TDM wave at

different baseband frequency to obtain
samples of baseband signals.

 Stage 2 :-Using high order filter to obtain

original baseband analog signals.
 Sampling Circuit

V 6
V 1

15V dc
15V dc
A TDM wave is given as input to pin3
And a delayed pulse is provided as
input to pin 8 to obtain sample of one

4
U 15 + -
e 3 5 f
baseband signal. LF 398H

8
7
6
R 1

Simulated Output :- 47k

Sample of one baseband signal:- 0

Circuit Sampling TDM to obtain 4 baseband signals:-

0 0 0 0

V 6 V 101 V103 V 105

V 1 V 100 V102 V104

15V dc 15V dc 15Vdc 15V dc

15V dc 15V dc 15Vdc 15V dc

4
1

U 15 + - U 100 + - U 101 + - U 102 + -

e 3 5 f e 3 5 g e 3 5 h e 3 5 i

LF 398H LF 398H LF 398H LF 398H

8
7
6

8
7
6

8
7
6
8
7
6

R 1 R 101 R 103 R 105

47k 47k 47k 47k

a b c d

0 0 0 0
Simulation Output of all 4 LF398 :-
Forth order filter to obtain baseband signals :-
Formula Used In Designing Filters :- [ f=1/(2*Pi*R*C)]

Simulation Output Showing Recovery Of All 4

Baseband Signals :-