DC Motor

Block Diagram of DC Motor

Ø This family includes AC motor types and DC motors
as well as linear, stepper and air motors, and motor
contactors and starters.
Ø
Ø This operation is based on simple electromagnetism.


Ø Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor

(a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field
magnet(s), and brushes.
GPS

Structure of a GPS Modem

Ø Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is changing the
way we work and play.
Ø
Ø GPS, formally known as the NAVSTAR.
Ø
Ø GPS technology requires the following three segments.
 1. Space segment.
 2. Control segment.
 3. User segment.


Ø This gives you better accuracy for a longer period of time

(about 4-6 hours).
Applications Of GSM

Ø Agriculture.
Ø Aviation
Ø Environment
Ø Ground Transportation
Ø Marine
Ø Military
Ø Public Safety
Ø Rail
Ø Recreation
Ø
LCD


Ø
Ø LCD consists of two glass panels, with the liquid crystal
material sand witched in between them.
Ø
Ø The LCDs used exclusively in watches, calculators and
measuring instruments are the simple seven-segment
displays, having a limited amount of numeric data.
Ø
Ø The LCD discussed in this section has 14 pins.
Block Diagram of LCD
MICRO CONTROLLER 89C51
Ø Development of a Micro controller reduces PCB size and cost
of design.
Ø
Ø The system requirements and control specifications clearly
rule out the use of 16, 32 or 64 bit micro controllers or
microprocessors.
Ø
Ø ATMEL is the leader in flash technology in today’s market
place and hence using AT 89C51 is the optimal solution.
Functional block diagram of micro controller
Power Supply
Ø The power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains
electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronics circuits
and other devices.
Ø
Ø A transformer is an electrical device which is used to convert electrical
power from one Electrical circuit to another without change in
frequency.
Ø
Ø Rectifier is used to convert ac to dc.
Ø
Ø A Filter is a device which removes the a.c component of rectifier
output but allows the d.c component to reach the load.
Ø
Ø Voltage regulator ICs is available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V)
or variable output voltages. The maximum current they can pass
also rates them.
Ø
IGNITION SWITCH

Ø The term ignition switch is often used interchangeably to refer

to two very different parts.
Ø
Ø The ignition switch generally has four positions.
Ø
Ø Ignition switch or the lock cylinder may fail in a car, but both
circumstances have very different symptoms.
MAX-232
Ø The ICs are almost identical, however, the MAX232A is much
more often used.
Ø
Ø The circuitry is completed by connecting five capacitors to the
IC.
GSM
Ø GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital
mobile telephone system that is widely used in many parts
of the world.
Ø
Ø GSM has been the backbone of the phenomenal success in
mobile telecoms over the last decade.
Ø
Ø A GSM modem can be an external modem device, such as the
Wavecom FASTRACK Modem.
Ø
Ø The connectors integrated to the body, guarantee the reliable
output and input connections.
Ø
Block diagram of GSM modem with key connections