A Presentation

on

PRESENTED BY:-
  SRINIVAS K
 
 An OVERVIEW

• COMPANY PROFILE
• HISTORY OF GSM
• GSM ARCHITECTURE
• GSM FREQUENCY
• SERVICES PROVIDED BY GSM
• FUTURE OF GSM
 About The COMPANY
• TCIL, a premier telecommunication consultancy and engineering
company with a strong base in Telecommunication & Information
Technology (IT), under the aegis of Ministry of Communications,
headed by Ministry of Communications and Information
Technology.

• TCIL stands for telecomunications consultants india Ltd. Is a

leading ISO-9000:2000 certified public sector undertaking

• The TCIL was incorporated in 25 july 1978 by Department of

Telecomunication (DOT) .
• A telecommunications solutions supplier.

• Headquarters mainly in East Africa, South Asia, East Asia and

Europe.
 “MOBILITY”- The Magic Word
• What is Mobility ?
• Access the Technology everywhere whether we
are work or play, in the office, grounds or at
home. To meet this demand the GSM (Global
System for Mobile Communication) for mobile
telephony was introduced in the mid-1980s. A
boom is underway, such that many GSM user
find life without their phone practically
inconceivable.
 HISTORY OF GSM
What ?
GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications
Formerly: Group Special Mobile

When ?
• 1982: GSM created to set standard.
• 1988: Industrial development started.
• 1991: First Systems Deployed.

Why ?
Higher digital voice quality.
Low cost alternatives to making calls such as SMS.
Ability to deploy equipment from different vendors.
GSM allows network operators to offer roaming services.
 GENERATIONS

• 1G : Analog with limited network services

and no roaming facility.
• 2G : Significant advancements to the mobile
technology in terms of service sophistication,
capacity and quality as they made the
communication system digital.
• 2.5G : IN features, SMS are some of the
features.
• 3G : Allow communication, information and
entertainment services to be delivered via
wireless terminals.
AREA COVERED UNDER GSM
GSM Architecture
 System Architecture
Mobile Station (MS):
Mobile Equipment (ME)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS): Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

Network Subsystem:
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
 Mobile Station (MS)
• The Mobile Station is made up of two
entities:
• Mobile Equipment (ME)
o The Mobile Equipment is the hardware
used by the subscriber to access the
network .
o Uniquely identified by an IMEI
(International Mobile Equipment
Identity)

o Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

o Smart card containing the International
Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
o Allows user to send and receive calls and
receive other subscribed services
o Protected by a password or PIN
 Base Station Subsystem
Base Station Subsystem is
composed of two parts :

1) Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

2) Base Station Controller (BSC)

• Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Houses the radio transceivers that
define a cell
Handles radio-link protocols with the
Mobile Station
• Base Station Controller
(BSC)
Manages Resources for BTS
Handles call set up
Location update
Handover for each MS
 Network Subsystem
Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)
Major MSC Functions :

Switching and call routing

Charging
Service provisioning
Communication with HLR
Communication with the VLR
Communication with other MSCs
Control of connected BSCs
Direct access to Internet services

Home Location Registers (HLR) :

Contains administrative information of each
subscriber
Most important database
Visitor Location Registers (VLR)
- Integrated with MSC
o tracks which customers have the phone on and
ready to receive a call
o periodically updates the database on which phones
are turned on and ready to receive calls
Authentication Center (AUC)
o mainly used for security
o data storage location and functional part of the
network
o Ki is the primary element
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
- Database that is used to track handsets using the
IMEI ,Made up of three sub-classes: The White List,
The Black List and the Gray List
o Optional database
 Frequency allocation for GSM system:-

• Two frequency bands, of 25 MHz each one,

have been allocated for the GSM system:
1.the band 890-915MHz has been allocated
for uplink direction.
2.the band 935-960MHz has been allocate for
down link direction.
 GSM FREQUENCY
• GSM systems use radio frequencies between 890-
915 MHz for receive and between 935-960 MHz for Downlink
transmit.
• RF carriers are spaced every 200 kHz, allowing a
total of 124 carriers for use. Uplink
• An RF carrier is a pair of radio frequencies, one used
in each direction.
• Transmit and receive frequencies are always
separated by 45 MHz.

UPLINK FREQUENCIES DOWNLINK FREQUENCIES

890 915 935 960

UPLINK AND DOWNLINK FREQUENCY SEPARATED BY

Services Provided by
GSM

Supplementary services
• Call forwarding
• Barring of Outgoing Calls
• Barring of Incoming Calls
• Advice of Charge (AoC)
• Call Hold
• Call Waiting
• Multiparty Service
• Calling Line Identification
Presentation/Restriction
• Closed User Group (CUG)
 A Cell
• A cell is the geographic zone covered by one radio
transmitter and receiver

2
2 7 Cell 2
7 3 1
1 6
6 4 5
Cell 1

5
GSM Channels
FUTURE OF GSM