Source: www.mapsofindia.

com
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uà e Himalayan mountain system is t e
planet's ig est, and ome to t e world's ig est
peaks.

uAconcagua, in t e Andes, at 6,962 metres

(22,841 ft) is t e ig est peak outside Asia,
w ereas t e Himalayan system includes over 100
mountains exceeding 7,200 m (23,622 ft).

uà ey are situated on t e nort of t e state.

uàwo of India's mig tiest rivers, t e Ganga and
t e Yamuna take birt in t e glaciers of
Uttarak and.

GANGOà
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YAMUNOà
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u Selection of stable and flat land is cited as t e
primary criteria for site selection.

uInspection of bearing capacity of soil by examining

soil texture, moisture content and t e ot er related
features.
 Π 
u Gonstructed on raised and elaborate solid
platform t at adds to t e stability of t e structures
by keeping t e centre of gravity of t e entire
structure near t e ground.

u Dept of foundation varied between 2-3 feet.

 
 
u à e multistoried traditional structures are
observed to be constructed on raised and elaborate
stone filled solid platform t at is t e continuation of
t e filled in foundation trenc above t e ground.

u In case of in situ rock being exposed t e platform

is observed to be raised directly over it.
u à e eig t of t e platform is observed to vary
between 6 and 12 feet above t e ground.

u Dry stone masonry is used for t e construction of

t e platform.

uMassive solid platform at t e base of t e structure

elps in keeping t e centre of gravity and centre of
mass in close proximity and near to t e ground.
 

u à e structures are observed to be constructed on
a simple rectangular plan.

u à e ratio of t e two sides of t e structures is

observed to vary between 1.1 and 1.4.

uà e eig t of t e structures above t e platform

is restricted to double t e lengt of t e s orter
side (lengt or widt ).
uAll t e ouses ave a single small entry and
relatively small openings.

uStrong wooden empanelment is provided around

all t e openings to compensate for t e loss of
Strengt .

uà e internal arc itecture is split into staircase

section and living section.
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u à e walls of t e traditional multistoried
structure are raised by placing double wooden
logs orizontally on t e edge of t e two parallel
sides of t e platform.

uà e t ickness of t e walls is determined by t e

widt of t e logs.

uà e ot er two walls are raised wit well-

dressed flat stones to t e surface level of t e logs
placed on t e ot er two sides.
uOn t e fourt and t e fift floors a balcony is
constructed wit a wooden railing running around
on all t e four sides.
uSpecially designed wooden ladders provided
access to t e different floors wit t e roof being laid
wit slates.
 

 

uà e use of t ick wooden logs running t roug t e
entire lengt of eac of t e walls alternately wit
eavy stones;

uAt t e corners t e edges of t e pair of logs on t e

adjacent walls are joined toget er by ammering
t ick wooden nails t roug t em. à is as t e effect
of turning t e structure into a single piece
construction;
uAll t e windows,
doorways,
ventilators and
floor- joists are
joined to t ese well-
secured pairs of logs
and t ese furt er
strengt ened t e
structure.

 
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uà e temples in Uttaranc al were usually made
in Nagara style of arc itecture or t e Gar wali
Style of arc itecture.
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uà e Nagara arc itectural style is simple but
striking.
uàall curvilinear spire µSik ara¶ wit an µAmalaka¶
(capstone) on top of t e spire.
uà e µKalas a¶ design coronets t e square
Sanctum Sanctorum entrance to w ic is t roug
a carved doorway.
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uà e Gar wali style temple usually ad a lotus
s aped roof.
uA lion standing over t e elep ant projected over
t e lower Sik ara.
uà is Sik ara usually covers t e audience all in
Punc
at or Sapta
at model giving t e
temple a cylindrical form.
uà ese temples are usually surrounded by a
group of smaller temples devoted to deities of
smaller pecking order.
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