 An automotive cooling system must perform

several functions
1. Remove excess from the engine
2. Maintain a consist engine temperature
3. Help a cold engine warm-up quickly
4. Provide a means of warming the passenger
compartment
 Automotive cooling systems operate around
180-212 degree F
 Engine coolant is used to remove heat from
the cylinder to the radiator where in is then
dissipated.
 Engine coolant mixture should be
approximately a 50/50 mixture of coolant
and water.
 The cooling systems of engines are not only
called upon to remove heat generated by
combustion, but to remove heat from a number
of other components associated with engine
operation. These components, which transfer
heat to engine cooling system, are:
 transmission and torque converter oil cooler
 Hydraulic oil cooler
 Retarded oil cooler
 After cooler
 Water cooled exhaust manifold
• AIR COOLING SYSTEMS
– Use air to dissipate heat directly.
– Transfer of heat to air more difficult.
• Require fins and baffles to increase surface
area
• Fans used in large engines to blow air
around engine
– Used in small engines and some large engines
– More Difficult to control temperature
– Most vehicles are water-cooled
• LIQUID COOLING SYSTEMS
– Liquid cools engine, air cools the liquid
– Engine heat absorbed by liquid
– Liquid travels to radiator
• Airflow through radiator cools liquid
– Radiator
• Heat exchanger to air
• Coolant reservoir
– Fan
• Forces air through radiator
• Fan requires energy
– Belt driven, direct to engine (Continuous Energy use)
» Stationary, slow vehicles under constant load
– Belt driven, thermostatically controlled clutch
» Many larger engines
– Electric Motor, thermostatically controlled clutch
» High speed vehicles, normally no fan needed
» Many cars, fan only runs when car stationary
– Water pump
• Centrifugal pump circulates water through engine &
radiator
• Draws cool water from bottom of radiator, into engine
– Thermostat
• Temperature controlled valve (more later)
– Coolant
• Antifreeze
– Prevents freezing in winter
– Helps prevent overheating in summer
– Anti-corrosion
Three major coolant components-water, glycol,
and inhibitors
- Reserved tank
• A coolant reserve tank comprises a disk-shaped
splash-guard member horizontally disposed
adjacent an inner end of a coolant reserve
chamber vent and having in the upper surface
thereof a plurality of grooves only through which
the vent opens into the coolant reserve chamber,
whereby the waves of the coolant in the chamber
are mostly dashed against the lower surface of the
splash-guard member and prevented from
dashing into the vent to leak out there through.
The cooling system removes excess heat
from the engine, engine oil, transfer oil,
and transmission oil. This system is
identical on all models covered in this
manual. Major components of the cooling
system are:
A. ENGINE TEMPERATURE SENDING UNIT
– Sends signal indicating coolant temperature to gauge on
instrument cluster.
B. ENGINE TEMPERATURE SWITCH
– Sends signal to activate control valve system to operate fan
when engine temperature exceeds 215°F (102°C) and deactivate
when engine temperature drops below 190°F (88°C).
C.WATER CROSSOVER
– Collects coolant from cylinder heads and channels it to the
thermostat housing where it is redirected through the cooling
system.
D. THERMOSTAT
– Shuts off coolant return flow to radiator until temperature
reaches 190°F (88°C).Coolant is then directed to the radiator
through the radiator inlet hose.
E. RADIATOR
– Directs coolant through a series of fins and baffles so
outside air can dissipate excess engine heat before the
coolant is recirculated through the engine.
F. OIL COOLER
– Directs engine oil (lower half of cooler) and
transmission oil (upper half of cooler)through a series of
fins or baffles so outside air can remove heat from oil.
G. SURGE TANK
– Filling and expansion point for cooling system.
H.PERSONNEL HEATER
– Provides heat for personnel and interior of vehicle.
• Pre-ignition
• Detonation
• Knock
– All result in very high pressure rise and possible damage to
engine
• Heat Fatigue of components
– Burnt Pistons
– Burnt Valves

• Failure of lubrication system

– Oil breakdown
– Oil film at cylinder destroyed at 200C
• Scoring of piston & sleeves
• Warping & fracture of components
• Unnecessary Wear
• Poor Fuel Economy
– Incomplete Combustion
– Lower coolant Temperature
• More energy transferred out of cylinder
• Energy from is wasted & not available for work (Power)
• Promotes corrosive conditions in engine
– Water of combustion reacts with sulfur oxides in exhaust
• Forms acids
– Allows water & sludge to accumulate in crankcase
– Over time, fuel diluting the oil will accumulate
• Normally lighter volatile fuel will evaporate as temp. rises