STANDARD COMPETENCY

3. solve the problems which are

related to linear equation system
and one variable inequality
 BASIC COMPETENCE

3.4 solving one variable inequalites

that involve linear, quadratic, radicals,
and algebraic fraction expressions
 A survey about safety of new car given the formula :
S = 0.044 v2 + 1.1 v, [S is space (in metres), v is velocity
(in metres/second)]. How the velocity of the car if the
space is greater than 100 metres?

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There is something or other problem in everyday

life that need inequalities concept and its solving
 DEFINITION :
INEQUALITIES
The open mathematical sentence that
use inequality symbol (<, >, , or )
and it contain the variable.

 Solving inequalities is find all values of

variable that cause the inequalities is true.
This value is called the solution of
inequalities.
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 To study inequalities,
We could be remember about:
• Interval
• Basic concept and
principles of inequality
• Methods to solving
linear inequalities
 THE INTERVAL
The interval can represent on a number line or in the set,
as follow :
To represent
The Closed Intervalinterval on a number line, usually use symbols :
 ( The shaded circle)a [a,b] {x \ a  x b, x R}
b
means
The Open : the number on this symbol is include in the interval
Interval
a (a,b) {x \ a  x  b, x R}
 ( The unshaded circle) b
[a,b) in {x
means : the number on this symbol is not include
The Interval  x  b, x R}
the\ ainterval
a b
(a,b] {x \ a  x  b, x R}
a b
[a, ) {x \ a  x  , x R}
a
(-, a ] {x \ -  x  a, x R}
a
(a, ) {x \ a  x  , x R}
a
(-, a) {x \ -  x  a, x R}
a
(-, ) {x \ x R} or R
 Basic Concepts and Principles of Inequality
Let a, b, c  R
.

 aac
.

if
 a a  b,
a if
b, b, aa =
then
a  =bab,
b,and bb,
b,b c, cthen a  c .

 oneif aand  bonly

and onec  0,ofbthen
the ac  bc relation
following and a/c istrue.
b/c .

a 
one b, and
then
Ex : 2 a5, b and only
a  one
c  of
2 + 3c  50,+then 
the
3 c following relation is true. .

   aa. 2+
203ac bc and
b  005/2
a/c  b/c
ab  00
.
Ex
Ex : 5: 5
if
 3ifand a
3,
a  0
c =b, and
5 + 2 b 3
thenba5–0,
then
0 2and 0,
. b2then
+ then + band and
and ab
 3/2
.

5 3if and a cb= and 3b5c,

2-2– then 5 3(-2) a 3.c(-2) and 5/(-2)  3/(-2)
–.then .

5–2 3–2
 if aa   b, then aa––bb00
b, then
a  b, then a – b  0
 if a  b, then a  c  b  c
a  b, then a  c  b  c
 if a  b and c  0, then ac  bc and a/c  b/c
a  b and c  0, then ac  bc and a/c  b/c
 if a  b, and a  0, b  0, then a2  b2
a  b, and a  0, b  0, then a2  b2
 if a  b, and a  0, b  0, then a2  b2
a  b, and a  0, b  0, then a2  b2
 INEQUALITIES
Kinds of inequalities that we will study are :

1. INEQUALITIES IN ONE VARIABLE

A. LINEAR INEQUALITIES
B. QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES
C. FRACTIONAL INEQUALITIES
D. ROOTS INEQUALITIES
E. MODULUS INEQUALITIES

2. INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

 A. LINEAR INEQUALITIES
• EXAMPLE 1 :
Find solution set of the inequalities: 3x – 7  5x + 3!

• Answer:
3x – 7  5x + 3
3x  5x + 10 Adding 7 to each side

– 2x  10 Substracting 5x from each side

x  -5 Multiplying both side by -2

So the set of value of x satisfying the given inequalities

T T is {x \ x  -5, x R}
 Example 2 :
Find the range of value of x for wich 5x  4x + 10  6x + 8 !
Answer :
It is called a double inequality because it contain two inequalities i.e.
5x 4x+10 and 4x+10  6x+8. We are looking for the set of values of x for
which both inequalities are satisfied so we first solve each of them separately.

A : 5x  4x + 10 and B : 4x + 10  6x + 8
5x – 4x  10 4x – 6x  8 – 10
x  10 -2x  -2
x >1
AB:

T T
1 10
So the range is {x \ 1  x  10, x R}
 ACTIVITY (A):
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Solve the following inequalities :
Answer :
(a) -3x + 5  x + 1 {x \ x 1, x R}
Answer :
(b) 3(3 – 2x)  2(3 + x)
{x \ x  -1/2,xR}

(c) 3x – ½  2x – 1
Answer : {x \ x 3/8, x R}

(d) -2x  3x + 5  11
Answer: {x \ x  – 1, x R}
(e) x – 5
+ x + 4  4x – 6
2 3 5 Answer : {x \ -1  x 2, x R}
B. QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES
In this section, we shall study some methods for finding
the solution sets of inequalities in one variable.

Let a, b  R, then
ab > 0 if and only if either a > 0 and b > 0
or a < 0 and b < 0
and the similar
Ab < 0 if and only if either a > 0 and b < 0
or a < 0 and b > 0
EXAMPLE 1 :

Find the ranges of values of x that satisfy the inequality

x2 – 5x + 7 < 3 !
solution : Other solution:
x2 – 5x + 7 < 3 (x-1) (x-4) < 0
 either x-1 > 0 and x-4 < 0
x2 – 5x + 4 < 0
or x-1 < 0 and x-4 > 0
(x-1) (x-4) < 0  either x > 1 and x < 4
or x < 1 and x > 4
 1 <x <4

The points
where f(x) = 0
The graph of the solution set
i.e. x = 1
and x = 4

+++ ––– +++

1 4 t t
So the range is {x \ 1 < x < 4, x R}
Example 2 :
Solve the following inequalities –x2 + 6x – 9  0 !
solution :
–x2 + 6x – 9  0 The points where f(x) = 0
x2 – 6x + 9  0 is x =3
(x – 3)2  0
t1 t1
+++ +++
3
So the inequalities has no solution and the solution
is an empty set { } or 
t1
Example 3 :
Find the set of values of x that satisfy the inequality
x2 + 2x + 5  0 !
answer :
x2 + 2x + 5  0 6
5
4
3
2
since a 0 and D 0 1
hence f(x) is positive
for all value of x. –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3

So the set of value of x is {x \ x  R}

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 Activity (B):
1. Find the solution set of the following inequalities :
x2 + x – 1  5
5x – 10  -x2 + 4
-x2 + 7x – 12  0
(x – 6)(x + 1) > 2x – 12
3x + 4 < x2 – 6 < 9 – 2x
2. Find the set of value of x so that graph y = x2 + 10x + 5
always above x axis !
C. FRACTIONAL INEQUALITIES

The principle of fractional inequalities

Let a, b,  R, b  0 then
a
> 0 if and only if either a > 0 and b > 0
b
or a < 0 and b < 0

a
b < 0 if and only if either a > 0 and b < 0
or a < 0 and b > 0

The fractional that form f (x) , then g(x)  0.

g (x)
The points x that caused g(x) = 0 on number line always open.
 Example 1 :
Find solution set of inequalities
x –5
 0
!
x+2
answer :


f (x)
x –5 The form inequalities is
x+2 0 g (x)
The point that f(x) = 0 is x = 5
The point that g(x) = 0 is x = – 2

+++ --- +++

tt -2 5

So the solution set is : {x \ x < -2 or x  5 ,x  R}

 Example 2 :
Find the solution set of inequalities:
x –2
 x –6
!
x+1 x–3
solution :
x –2
- x –6
 0
Pembuat nol penyebut
x = -1 dan x = 3
x+1 x–3
(x–2)(x–3) – (x–6)(x+1)
 0
(x+1) (x–3)

(
x
–2 5x + 6) – ( – 5x
x 2 – 6)  0
++ -- ++
(x+1) (x–3) -1 3
12
 0
(x +1) (x – 3) So the solution is :
tt {x \ –1 < x < 3,x R}
 Activity (C):
Find the solution set of each following inequalities :
2x – 1
 1
x–3
x2 – 5x + 6  0
2– 7x + 10
x
x2 + 2x – 15  0
x2 + 3x + 1
2x
 4
(x – 2)2
x
 D. ROOTS INEQUALITIES
The form such as  f (x) , then f (x)  0.
Example 1 :
Find the solution set of inequalities 3x – 5  2x + 7
Answer :
A. 3x – 5 then 3x – 5  0 ABC:
x  5/3
B. 2x + 7 then 2x + 7  0
x  -7/2 -7/2 5/3 12

C. 3x – 5  2x +7
So the solution is :
(squaring each sides)
{x \ 5/3  x  12, x  R}
3x – 5  2x +7
x  12 tt
 Activity (D):
1. Find the solution set of following inequation:
x  2x+ 8

10 – x2  x + 2

x + 5  5 –  x

2x2 + 2x – 8   x2 + 3x +2

2. Find values of x that the graph y1 = x2 + 2x – 8 always

below the graph y2=x2 + x – 6
 E. MODULUS INEQUALITIES
DEFINITION OF MODULUS :
x, if x  0
X =
-x, if x < 0
* f(x)   C+ – C  f(x)  C

* f(x)   C+ f(x)  –C or f(x)  C

EXAMPLE :
f(x)  g(x)
(Squaring both sides)
(f(x))2  (g(x))2
(f(x) + g(x)) (f(x) – g(x))  0 …. etc.
 ACTIVITY (E):
Find the solution set of the following inequalities:
x  9
x + 8  17
x - 3  x + 1
4x + 5< 2x + 4
x – 1 2 + 2 x – 1  15
X+6
 3
X–3