New Generation Operating Systems

at
IEEE
Conference
EMBESSY 2001

By
Shinto Joseph
Managing Director
Orane Technologies Pvt Ltd
Bangalore
 Paradigm Shift in Embedded World
5% INDL.ENGG
5%
COMPUTER/
7% PERIPHERALS
AEROSPACE
36%
GOVT-DEFENCE
9% Consumer Electronics

Automotive/Transport
ation
7% Medical quipments

Electronic Equipment-
8% ATE
10%

By 2004 50% of Embedded Development swill be

in IT & communication area
 Recent Trends & challenges
• Instead of crude • Increasing
program loader use a functionality demands
good operating system
• Assembly v/s C/C++
compiler • Reducing Engineering
• Different type of tools Cost
& methodologies
• Shortage of resources
• Increasing Complexity
 Converting challenges into
opportunities
• Adding value to existing systems.
• Trying to integrate the existing applications
or components to a new generation device.
• Using 32bit processors-with more
powerful& flexible instruction set.
• The speed of development,debugging, and
ease of use v/s size of application and the
speed of compiler.
 The Software in Equipment
“Expert” (Future)

F Very High
U
N All
All Software
Software Externally
Externally
C “Intelligent” Developed
Developed
T
High
I
O
N
A “Smart”
L Medium
I
T In-house
In-house
“Dumb” All
All Internally
Internally Development
Development
Y Developed
Developed Threshold
Threshold
Low

1990 2000
Slide1
 Equipment Functionality • Unlimited functions
• Virtual connectivity
“Expert” (Future)
• Voice responsive
F Very High • Deterministic control of elements
• Virtual equipment
U • Best of Breed functions
N • Delivered as needed
• High availability
C “Intelligent”
• Highly connected
T • Voice recognition
High
I • Open standard components
• Deterministic control
O • High GUI interaction
N • Win32 focus
• Limited connectivity
A “Smart” • GUI available
L Medium
• Real-time available
I • Proprietary architecture
T “Dumb”
• Firmware solution
Y • Standalone
Low • Single function
• No connectivity
• Low end processors

1990 2000
Slide2
 Operating System Usage in Equipment
“Expert” (Future)
F Very High
U
N
C “Intelligent”
T High
Windows
Windows

I
O
N “Smart”
A
L Medium Proprietary
RTOS
I
T “Dumb” Home
Y
Low
None

1990 2000
Slide3
 Operating Systems
Equipment

High Windows CE

F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
I
Devices
T
Y
Windows NT / 2000
Low
Retail Value increasing >>>>

Slide4
 Windows® NT Embedded Features
• Headless Support
– Operate without keyboard, mouse, or display
• ROM Boot Support
– Operate from Flash, ROM or CD-ROM
– Hard Disk support also provided
– Operate without a Paging File
• Remote Management
– Enhanced support for network, serial connected devices
– Remote Administration with Net-Meeting (also- Telnet &
command prompt)
– Error Recovery Enhanced support for error-reporting
• Automatic handling of error dialogs
• Global logging dialogs and message boxes
Slide5
 Windows® NT Embedded Tools
• Target Designer
– Define and generate custom runtime targets
Ranges…

Minimal - 9-13 Meg

Typical Dedicated ~ 30 Meg
Standard - 70+ Meg

Slide6
 Typical Target Designer Options
Automatic Logons
Applications

Network Protocols

HAL Selections
Mouse Options

Display Drivers Boot Media

OS Features

Slide7
 Win CE

Windows CE extends Microsoft’s vision

of“Information at Your Fingertips” beyond the
PC to a variety of computer-based devices for
customers

Slide8
 Features of WIN CE
• WIN32 API subset and • Componentization
file formats (Modular)
• Processor Portability • Internationalization
(RISC and X86) (Unicode)
• Single 32-bit Virtual • Communications (TCP/IP,
Address Space IrDA)
• Preemptive Multithreaded • Graphical User Interface
Multitasked Optional
• Transactioned Object • Installable File System
Store Database Optional
• Execute-In-Place or • Integrated Development
Demand Paged Environment
• Unobtrusive Power • Horizontal and Vertical
Management Platforms
Slide9
 Windows® NT and Real-time
Windows® NT was not designed for real-time
• Typical latencies
– 32 ISR levels - 5 s to 300+ s
– DPC - 8 s to 5000+ s
– 32 thread priorities - 21 s to 5000+ s (+ paging)
• Low-level I/O requires kernel level programming
& MS Device Driver Kit (DDK)
– non-Win32 and difficult to debug
• Complex interrupt management - ISR queues a
DPC, which in turn schedules a thread
Slide10
 RTX Technology
The Real-Time eXtension for Windows NT that enables
Deterministic Processing without a Coprocessor

Win32 Win32 Process RTSS RTSS

Process with RTX IPC Process Process

RTX.DLL

Win32
Subsystem

Windows NT
Kernel and
Device Drivers RTX - RTSS (Real-time Subsystem)

HAL RTX - HAL (Real-time HAL Extender)

Slide11
 Latencies under Load on Intel® Pentium®
III processor 700 MHz
Operation Windows* Window* RTX 4.4
NT* 4.0 CE* 3.0
SetEvent (no switch) 1.0 / 5000+ 1.7 / 8.2+ 0.3 / 5.7
Event 1.4 / 5000+ 2.8 / 12.2+ 0.9 / 8.3
Mutex 1.5 / 5000+ 4.0 / 12.0+ 1.0 / 8.5
Semaphore 1.4 / 5000+ 3.3 / 10.7+ 0.9 / 8.3
Yield 1.2 / 5000+ 1.5 / 9.5+ 0.4 / 6.8
Priority Change 1.3 / 5000+ 1.6 / 10.2+ 0.7 / 7.3
IST Latency 6.7 / 5000+ 6.7 / 26+ 4.0 / 24
NOTES:
1) Maximum values include the overhead of 3 s
from timer interrupts.
2) NT adoes not priority promote the thread owning
contested mutex.
3) CE results from light GUI load only – networking
load adds 100+ µs latencies.
Slide12
For Further Information Please Visit :-

www.oranetech.com
or
Mail me at shinto@oranetech.com