POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

JAIPUR
A
 SUMMER TRAINING PRESENTATION 
ON
 “HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT & TURBINES” 

 SESSION (2010-2011)

Presented by:
Mitesh Kumar
(ME/07/52)
Final Year

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

 Introduction
 Growth in renewable energy
 Classification of power plant
 Benefits
 Working
 Company profile
 Location , Layout , Boundary
 Silent Features
 Power plant & Sections
Turbine , governor n parts of power
plant
Generator , transformer & auxiliary
power
power house & switch yard
 Turbine & various mechanical parts
CONCEPT OF HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
 HYDRO SYSTEM MAKES USE OF FALLING WATER
IN A STREAM OR RIVER OR STORAGE DAM

 HYDRAULLIC ENERGY ----------- MECHANICAL

ENERGY------- ELECTRICAL ENERGY

 WATER ---RENEWABLE SOURCE

 POWER IS EXPRESSED AS KW OR MW.

• AMOUNT OF WATER FLOW IS CALLED DISCHARGE

(Q) EXPRESSED IN LITRES /SEC OR CUMECS OR
CUSECS

• NET HEAD = GROSS HEAD - FRICTION LOSS 3

 Electrical
Potential Energy
Energy
Electricity

Kinetic
Energy

Mechanical
Energy
BASED ON POWER RATING
CLASSIFICTION POWER RATING

MICRO-HYDRO < 100 kW

MINI-HYDRO 100 kW – 3MW

SMALL-SCALE HYDRO 3 MW – 25 MW

BASED ON HEAD AVAILABLE

ULTRA LOW HEAD BELOW 3 METRES

MEDIUM HEAD FROM 30–75 METRES

HIGH HEAD ABOVE 75 METRES

• No greenhouse, air pollutants or any waste products.

 Energy in remote and hilly areas where extension of grid

system un-economical

 Non polluting and environmental friendly

 Water supply

 Small scale irrigation

 Small scale agriculture industry – rice & oil mills, wood

industries –saw mills

 No waste disposal problem

 Water from the reservoir flows due to
gravity to drive the turbine.
 Turbine is connected to a generator.
 Power generated is transmitted over
power lines.
 A water turbine that cover the energy
of flowing or falling water into
mechanical energy that drives a
generator, which generates electrical
power. This is a heart of hydropower
power plant.
 A control mechanism to provide.
stable electrical power. It is called
governor
 Electrical transmission line to deliver
the power to its destination.
• Name of the company : BIHAR STATE HYDRO-
ELECTRIC POWER
CORPORATION LIMITED
• Total capacity :52.80 mw
• Name of plant :East gandak canal project
• Name of barrage : Gandak barrage
• Location :VALMIKI NAGAR,BIHAR-
-NEPAL border
• Year of construction :1975
• Catchment area : 37,410 sq. Kms.
• Total installed capacity of plant :15 mw
• Number of units :3
• Type of units                              :Bulb
• Generting equipments : M/S FUJI ELECTRIC, JAPAN
• Power house : M/s.Hindustan steel
CONSTUCTION LTD
• Name of place :-> VALMIKINAGAR
(W.CHAMPARAN)
• Total installed capacity :-> 3*5 mw
• Annual generation :-> 98 million units
• Rated head :-> 5.3 mtrs
• Water requirements :-> 321 m^3/sec (cumecs)
• Area of powerhouse building :-> 54.304*20 mtrs sqr
• Water conductor system :
i) power channel :-> 1400 mtrs
ii) tail channel :-> 4223 mtrs

• Generating equipment supplied by :-> M/S FUJI

ELECTRIC,JAPAN
• Power house constucted by :-> M/S H.S.C.L
 NORTH: Hilly region of NEPAL
 SOUTH : GOPALGANJ & part of
purbi CHAMPARAN
district
 EAST : Purbi CHAMPARAN
district
 WEST : PADRUNA & DEORIA
district of uttar pradesh
• Gandak : North west bihar from nepal
• Masan : Budhi gandak down south
• Pandai : Flows from nepal into bihar &
meets masan

HIGH WITH RESPECT TO SEA:

Bottom level of water floor : 94.964 mtrs
Turbine gallery : 95.50 mtrs
Centre line of shaft : 99.95 mtrs
Turbine floor : 105.35mtrs
Survice bay : 106.95 mtrs
Control room : 110.30mtrs
Top roof of building : 122.00 MTRS
 Turbine used is Bulb kaplan turbine
 Turbine having 3(three) blades
 Coupled with generator through shaft
 Type :-> hk-1rt
 Output :-> 5155 kw
 Net head :-> 5.3 m
 Rated flow :-> 106.95 m^3/s
 Speed :-> 107.1 rpm
 Runaway speed :->310 rpm
• SYNCHRONOUS Generator is used

• Consist of shaft,exictor,rotor & stator

• Type : gdh6435t-28
• Output : 5556/6112 kva
• Voltage : 660 v
• Current : 486 a
• Power factor : 0.9
• Direction of rotation : Clockwise view
from upstream
• Rating : Continuous
 Type of coupling :-Onan
 Kind :- double bound
 Frequency :-50 hz
 Core & coil mass :-14000 kg
 Tank & fitting mass :-7800 kg
 Mass of oil :-7500 kg
 Total mass :-29,306 kg
 Volume of oil :-8600 l
 Connection :-STAR & DELTA
 Oil storage & purification plant
 Gravity tank :-1800 L
 Pressure tank :-280 L
 Sump tank :-7500 L
 Pressure tank :-4000L
 Lubricant tank :-5000L
 Leakage return tank:-630L
 Water is emptied out from the sump
tank(base of plant) to the tail race channel
 DG(diesel generator) is used for this purpose
 Water is generally accumulated in rainy
season & through seapage
 Water is passed to tail race channel through
dewatering system
 Battery system(110 v) is also used for
dewatering purpose
 DG(diesel generating) system is used for
emergency purposes
 55*2volt=110 volt is used through
battery
 55 cells each 2 volt are connected in
series
 It help when there is lack of power supply
from nearby substation
• CENTRIFUGAL GOVERNOR
IS USED
• Controls opening & closing
of guide vane
• Connected to guide vane
by the help of
servomotor
• Automatic governors are
also used
• Controls the speed of
water going into the
runner
• Controls the speed of
turbine by the help of fluid
 Two units of 5 mw each

 Each unit having

Power transformer (6.6/132 kv)

Lighting arreste : 12
Current transformer (ratio
75/1) : 12
Voltage transformer: 3
Breaker(132 kv) : 5
Isolator : 8
 Turbine?
 Types of turbines
 Water turbine section in the plant
 Construction of water turbine
 Governor & operation control device
 Pressure oil system
 Lubricating oil system
• Stay cone & stay column
• Runner
• Main shaft
• Main shaft seal
• Main guide bearing
• Wicket gate
• Wicket gate operating mechanism
• Discharge ring
 4 m steel plates
 Consist of outer & inner stay cone
&column
 Outer stay cone & column is installed in
the concrete
 Inner stay cone is used as access shaft to
the downstream side of the bulb
 Inlet diameter-4364.8mm

 Adjustable blade type-3 blades

 Made of 13%Cr-4%Ni SS

 Contains necessary mechanism for

adjusting the blades
 Hydraulic servomotor of cylinder movable
type
 Material-forged carbon steel(SF55A)
 Diameter-530 mm.
 Outside dia. Of coupling flanges
 Runner coupling end- 1040 mm.
 Generator coupling end-1030 mm.
 Total length - 5208 mm.
 Contains two concentric pipes for
carrying pressurized oil & lubricating oil
 Type-double carbon ring type sealed on
radial plane surafce
 Allows easy water leakage check and easy
carbon ring replacement

Main guide bearing:-

 Bearing shell easily splits up in two halves
 Four thermometer s are also provided for
temperature relay.

Oil housing

Bearing housing
 Mounted on the upstream end of
generator

 Controls the pressure oil flow to the

concentric pipes installed inside the main
shaft

 The oil supply inside the hub is also

provided through the gravity tank
 Material : fabricated plate steel
 16 wicket gates are supported at their
span by the bearings
 Have ample rigidity to minimize the
clearance
 Wicket gate system is detachable from the
inner distributor cone
 Wicket gate bearings
 Type: non grease lubricated type
 Outer wicket gate bearings : spherical sliding
surface
  Incorporates the thrust bearings

 Wicket gates are connected to the wicket

gate operating mechanism

 Designated to adjust the discharge

according to turbine load
 servomotor
Gate ring
s
 • Movement of servomotors
are converted into the
rotating motion of gate ring

•the links are equipped with eccentric pins ,attached

between the gate lever & the operating ring

•Wicket gate & ring are coupled through breaking links

•Operating ring has a counter weight to close the guide

vanes in case of emergency
 Wicket gate bearing
 Outside radius- 3186mm
 Inside radius -1684.5mm
 Clearance -1mm(outer) & 1.5 mm(inner)
 Wicket gate operating ring
 section -2
 Outside dia. -5600mm
 Inside dia. -4924mm
 Accessories -one counter weight & 16
grease inserts
 Governor
 Turbine governors are equipment for the control
and adjustment of the turbine power output and
evening out deviations between power and the grid
load as fast as possible.

 The turbine governors have to comply with two

major purposes:
 1. To keep the rotational speed stable and
constant of the turbine-generator unit at any grid
load and prevailing conditions in the water
conduit.

 2. At load rejections or emergency stops the

turbine admission have to be closed down
according to acceptable limits of the rotational
speed rise of the unit and the pressure rise in the
water conduit
 pendulum

Floating lever

Spool
movemen
t
servomotor

spool

feedbac
k

Water inlet Turbine

A complete turbine governor system may be divided in three main components

-The controller.-mechanical-hydraulic or electrohydraulic construction

-Servo system-determined by the controller.

- The pressure oil supply system..

The main components can be summarised
as follows:
 - oil sump tank

 - check valves

 - switches and indicators

 - main oil valve

 - accumulator, e.g., oil pressure tank

 - relief valve

 - oil pump units

 - oil cooler

 - unloader valve
 Oil
pumps

Unloader
valves

Check Actuator

Pressure
oil tank
valves oil supply

Relief
valve

Sump
tank Return oil

Main
oil
valve
Summer training plays a vital & effective role
in a student’s life no matter whatever
respective field he is working upon & want
to expertise his\her skills in their field.
It is for the student to see & adjust on working
culture & environment to a sufficient period
of time & to check the student’s
adaptability & flexibility.
It gives the practical idea & picture of what
we all have only theoretically gained.
Last not the least it provide student a
platform to to shape their knowledge into
practical work.