Professional Documents
Culture Documents
•The anus:
• the outlet of the gastro-intestinal
tract.
• surrounded by the subcutaneous
muscle of the external sphincter.
•The anal canal:
• held closed by the muscle action of
the voluntary external anal sphincter
and involuntary internal anal
sphincter (extension of the muscular
coat of the rectal wall).
• The direction of the anal canal is on
a line roughly between anus and
umbilicus.
• supplied by somatic sensory nerves
•anorectal junction:
• called the pectinate or dentate line.
• a serrated line demarcates the anal canal
from the rectum superiorly.
• marking the change from skin to mucous
membrane.
• denotes the boundary between somatic
and visceral nerve supplies.
• visible on proctoscopic examination, but is
not palpable.
•The rectum:
• Extending from the level of the third sacral
vertebral body to the anorectal line.
• divided into the sphincteric and ampullary
portions.
• The sphincteric portion corresponds to
the annulus hermorrhoidalis, surrounded
by the levator ani and the fascial collar
from the supra-anal fascia.
• The ampullary portion extends from the
third sacral to the pelvic diaphragm at the
insertion of the levator ani.
• The Columns Of Morgagni
(Rectal Columns)
• mucosal longitudinal folds act as
accommodations for contractions and
dilations of the anal canal and the
sphincteric portions of the rectum.
• consist of a somewhat denser muscularis
mucosa, with richer lymphatics, vascular,
and nerve supply than those of the
adjacent intervening rectal wall.
• sinuses of Morgagni:
• Between the columns directly continuous
with the crypts.
• valves of Houston: