OCCLU

SION PRIMARY
DENTITION
MIXED DENTITION

PERMANENT DENTITION
 Occlusion
 Occlusion is the relationship of the maxillary and
mandibular teeth when the jaws are in a fully closed
position.

 Occlusion develops in a child as the primary teeth

erupt.
• Habits such as thumb sucking or improper
swallowing habits can affect the occlusion.
• Proper occlusion of the erupting permanent teeth
depend on the occlusion of the primary teeth as
they are shed.
Types of Occlusion
 Centric occlusion:
 The jaws are closed in a position that produces maximal stable

contact between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and

mandibular teeth.

 Functional occlusion:
 The contact of the teeth during biting and chewing

movements.

 Malocclusion:
 Abnormal or malpositioned relationships of the teeth.
Primary Dentition

 The deciduous dentition stage starts from eruption of

the first deciduous tooth, usually the deciduous
mandibular central incisors and ends with the eruption
of first permanent molar.

 By 2½ years of age, deciduous dentition is usually

complete and in full function.
Primary Dentition

 By 2½ years of age, deciduous dentition is

usually complete and in full function.
 Primary Dentition
Normal signs of Primary dentition
 Spaced anteriors
 usually seen in deciduous dentition to
accommodate larger permanent teeth in jaws.

 Primate/ Simian/ Anthropoid space

 present mesial to maxillary canine and distal to
the mandibular canine.

 Shallow overjet and overbite

 Almost vertical inclination of anteriors

 Ovoid arch form

 Primary Dentition
Normal signs of Primary dentition
 Straight or flush terminal plane relation
 molar relationship in the primary dentition
can be classified into 3 types:
 Flush terminal plane- distal surfaces of
maxillary and mandibular deciduous second
molars are in the same vertical plane.
 Mesial step- distal surface of mandibular
deciduous second molar is mesial to the
distal surface of maxillary deciduous second
molar.
 Distal step- distal surface of mandibular
deciduous second molar is more distal than
the distal surface of maxillary deciduous
second molar.
Mixed Dentition
 This is the period where teeth of both
deciduous and permanent dentition are
seen.
 It extends from 6-12 years of age.

 Most malocclusion make their

appearance during this stage.

Mixed Dentition
 This stage can be divided into two
transitional periods: first and second.
Mixed Dentition
 First Transitional Period
 Emergence of the first permanent molars and
transition of incisors.
 Eruption of permanent molars
 The first permanent molars erupt at 6 years. They
play an important role in establishing and functioning
of occlusion in the permanent dentition.
 Incisor eruption
 The permanent incisors develop lingual to the
deciduous incisors and move labially as they erupt.
Mixed Dentition
Mixed Dentition
 Inter-transitional Period (1.5 years)
 This is a stable phase where little changes take place in
the dentition. The teeth present are the permanent
incisors and first molar along with deciduous canines
and molars.
Mixed Dentition
 Second transitional Period
 The following events takes place:
 Exfoliation of primary molars and canine at around 10 years
of age. The first deciduous tooth in the posterior region,
usually the mandibular canine sheds and marks the
beginning of the second transitional period.
 Eruption of permanent canines and premolars occurs after a
pause of 1-2 years following incisor eruption.
 Eruption of permanent second molars
 Establishment of occlusion
Permanent Dentition
 Permanent dentition forms within the jaws soon
after birth.
 Calcifications begin at birth with the calcification
of the cusps of the first permanent molar and
extends as late as the 25th year of life.
Permanent Dentition

 The permanent incisors develop lingual to the

deciduous incisors and move labially as they erupt.

 The premolars develop below the diverging roots

of the deciduous molars.

 At approximately 13 years of age all permanent

teeth except third molars are fully erupted.
Permanent Dentition
Features of Permanent Dentition
 Coinciding midline
 Class I molar relationship of the permanent first molar.
 Vertical crossbite of about one-third the clinical crown
height of the mandibular central incisors.
 Overjet: Overjet and over bite decreases throughout the
second decade of life due to greater forward growth of
mandible.
 Curve of Spee: Develops during transition and
stabilizes in adulthood.
Angles Classification of Occlusion

 Class I —patient’s profile is

characterized as normal.

 Class II —patient’s profile is

deficient in chin length and
characterized as a retruded
(retrognathic) profile.

 Class III —patient’s profile is

excessive in chin length and
characterized as protruded
(prognathic) profile.