Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thermo-Chemical conversion
of Biomass
What is Biomass ?
2
CONTD.
3
Why is there a need to use Biomass ?
Environmental
Political
Commercial
4
Conversion Technologies
Thermal conversion
Combustion
5
CONTD.
Pyrolysis
6
Gasification
7
1.Biomass resources in China
Straw from agriculture
650 Mton, 50% can be
used as energy,
210 MTCE
Forest industry and
Biomass Energy timber work waste:
Potential: 270Mton, 30% can be
used as energy, 50MTCE
385 MTCE
Biogas from livestock
excreta and waste water
100MTCE
11
1.Biomass resources in China
1.4 Industrial organic wastes
50 billion m3 biogas can be produced from
food processing wastes– 35 MTCE
12
1.Biomass resources in China
1.5 Waste Vegetable Oil & Tallow
Cottonseed Oil
1 million tons/year of cottonseed
oil can be collected for biodiesel
production
Waste oil and fat
1 million tons/year 1.6 million tons of cottonseed oil
13
1.Biomass resources in China
1.6 Energy crops
Marginal Land Availability in China
32-75 million ha.
Set-aside
Set-aside land:
land: Cropland
Cropland not
not in
in use
use in
in wintertime:
wintertime:
7.34~9.37
7.34~9.37 --8.66
8.66 million
million ha.
ha.
million Set
Set aside
aside woodland:
woodland:
million ha.
ha.
-- 16~57
16~57 million
million ha.
ha.
Energy
Energy crops
crops Woody
Woody crops
crops
Existing
Existing oil
oil plant
plant forest
forest
3.43
3.43 million
million ha.
ha.
Biodiesel
Biodiesel resource
resource
14
1.Biomass resources in China
Estimation: Energy crops
production
Set-aside
Set-aside land
land Cropland
Cropland not
not in
in use
use in
in wintertime
wintertime
7.34~9.37 --8.66
8.66 million
million ha.
ha.
7.34~9.37
million
million ha.
ha.
Oil
Energy Crops Production Ethanol equivalence Potential
Productivity (ton/ha) (ton/ha) (MT CE/yr) plant
Sweet
60-80(haulm)
sorghum 4-6 18.35
40%
3-5(grain) 9.53 MTCE/yr
Sweet
15-20 2-3 3.67
potato 20%
Cassava
20-30 4-6 7.34
20%
Sugar cane
60-70 4-6 3.67
10%
Total 33.03 15
1.Biomass resources in China
Estimation: Woody crops
2010: 800 thousand ha. of woody oil plant
35 million TCE/yr
6.7 million tons of biodiesel
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1.Biomass resources in China
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1.Biomass resources in China
The potential biomass development capacity:
about 1 billion TCE
Types of Biomass Fundamentals
Priority:
a. Waste material Resource utilization and
Large amount-clean environmental protection
energy
Development of energy
crop agriculture and
b. Energy crops energy forest industry-
Scale-up enlarge the supply of
biomass resource
Marginal land
c. Non-edible species development-
Food security- Protect existing
Marginal land for cropland, forest and
production grassland 18
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
A
Power generation Types of
Biomass Energy
B Utilization
Liquid fuel
C
Gas fuel
D
Pelletized fuel
19
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
High subsidy
Profitable
Stage technologies
point
II Bioethanol Biogas
Biodiesel from sugar
techonolgy
Maturity of
Market competition
force 21
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
Bioethanol
generatio Biodiesel from
Biogas n from plant cellulose
demonstrat demonstratzation
oil
Pelleting Indirect
liquefaction
Fuel ethanol Direct
liquefact
Industry
ion
Maturity of
lgy
Gasificati
on power
ion
techono
generatio H2 from
n biomass
Engineerin
ion
g
2010 2020
23
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
Bio-ethanol
Status in China In the near future
25
2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization
Factors affect the generation
capacity Direct
Factors Gasification Remarks
combustion
Generation eff. >25MW >6MW Part of 12MW direct combustion
can also use high parameter
generation system
Biomass cost <10MW <10MW <60,000ton/yr
Investment& >6MW >3MW
management
Promote
Power the
generation, developme
comprehensive nt of liquid
utilization
fuel-
substitutio
n of fossil
fuel 27
3.Targets of R&D
In the near future(2010):
Biomass power generation: 600MW
Biomass liquid fuel: 2 million ton/yr
3~5% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used
development
Mid-term target(2020)
Missions of
Mid-term target(2030)
Biomass power generation: 5000MW
Biomass liquid fuel: 50 million ton/yr
30~40% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used
28
3.Targets of R&D
Direction of Development
Development of Resources:
Short to mid-term: mainly agriculture and forestry waste; Give
attention to energy crops and energy plants ;
Long term: Mainly energy agriculture and energy forestry; Give
attention to new resources, such as energy algae…..
29
4.Technology Road Maps
Summary of technologies
High moisture
content biomass
Product
separation
Non-edible
sugar and Separation Fermentation CH4/H2 Gas fuel
starch
Hydrolysis
Combustion Power Heat & Power
Cellulose Pretreatment Gasification
Synthesis
Microbe Pyrolysis &
Residue Refining Liquid fuel
catalytic
cracking
Non-edible Component
oil & fat separation Esterify Chemicals
30
4.Technology Road Maps
Technologies for bio-conversion
Ethanol
Bacteria Cellulose
Fermentation
reconstruction Butanol
enzyme
Concentrating
Stepped
……
Separation &
H2
CH4
treatment
Straw &
conversion
Chemical
sugar Hydrolysis
Pre-
crops Ethene
fermentation
Synchro
Acetic
acid
Combustion
SiO2
Residue
Micro-algae Fertilizer
Heat/
Residue Power
Drying Feedingstuff
31
4.Technology Road Maps
Road Map for Biomass Bio-Conversion
2005
2005 2010
2010 2015
2015 2020
2020
Cellulose
Cellulose
fermentation Cellulose
Cellulose ethanol
Pretreatment
Pretreatment fermentation fuel
fuel ethanol
ethanol 10000t/Y
ethanol 3000t/Y
3000t/Y 10000t/Y
Large
Large scale
scale
high-grade
Genetic
Genetic tech.
tech. for
scale high-grade
for
application
Cellulose
Celluloseenzyme Solid
Solidstate
fuel application
enzyme state
bacteria
bacteria solid
solidstate
state fermation
fermation application
application
cultivatio
cultivatio fermentation
fermentation
Residue
Residue SiO2
SiO2 from
from ash
ash Coupled
CoupledVaporized
Vaporized
combustion
combustion tech
tech tech.
tech.
Large scale
H2
H2 from
from micro-
clean fuel
Bench
Bench scale
scale H2
H2 micro-
from algae:
algae:
frommicro-algae
micro-algae demonstration
demonstration
Large
Large scale
scale
Large
clean
Coupled
Coupledtech.
tech. for 100M
100M3CH4/H2
3
CH4/H2
for CH4/H2 bio-gas
bio-gas
CH4/H2 production
production Demonstration
Demonstration
application
application
Continuous
Continuous Large
Large scale
scale biogas
biogas
fermentation
fermentation for
for 10000M
10000M3
3
biogas
biogas
Catalytic DME
Syngas synthesis Methanol
application
energy application
Industrialization
Industrialization of
of
BIGCC
BIGCC Large
Largescale
scale application
application
BIGCC
BIGCC
Advanced
Advanced Demonstration
Demonstration
gasificaiton
gasificaiton >3000t/a
>3000t/a
Pilot
Pilotscale
scale Syngas
Syngas synthesis
synthesis Indirect
Indirectliquefation
liquefation
Gas
Gas refinery
biomass energy
refinery 1000t/a >3000t/a >10000t/a
1000t/a >3000t/a >10000t/a
CO2
CO2 rich
rich Pilot
Pilotscale
scale
synthesis
synthesis 1000t/a
1000t/a
scale biomass
Selectivity
Selectivity Direct
Directliquefaction
liquefaction
1000t/a
1000t/a 3000t/a
3000t/a
liquefaction
liquefaction >10000t/a
>10000t/a
Bio-oil
Bio-oil separation
separation 200t/a
200t/a 1000t/a
1000t/a
Large scale
&&refinery
refinery
Large
Large scale Nearly zero 34
Exploration Pilot scale Demonstration Industrialization
application emission
4.Technology Road Maps
Technologies for biodiesel
Chemicals Enzyme
Separation
Biodiesel
Lipid Esterification
abstraction
Fertilizer
Lipid
Catalyst Glycerin
Other lipid
ea gl a &
t nal pli O
……
Feedingstuff
High value
Residue conversion Medicine
……
35
4.Technology Road Maps
Road Map for Biodiesel
2005
2005 2010
2010 2015
2015 2020
2020
fuel
liquid fuel
Continuous
Continuous Pilot
Pilotplant
plant3000t/Y
3000t/Y 30000t/Y
30000t/Y
reaction
reaction
grade liquid
Large
Large scale
scale
Magnetism
Magnetismnano-
nano- Glycerin
Glycerinhigh
high value
value 500t/Y
500t/Y polygeneration
polygeneration
catalytic reaction
catalytic reaction conversion
conversion
process
process
high grade
application
application
Residue
Residuehigh
high Medicine
Medicine component
component Pilot
Pilotscale
scale
value conversion
value conversion abstraction
abstraction comprehensive
comprehensive
utilization
utilization
scale high
Large scale
Large
Large scale Nearly zero 36
Exploration Pilot scale Demonstration Industrialization
application emission
http:// www.giec.ac.cn
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