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 11.1 Introduction
‡ George Washington becomes the first president.
‡ Alexander Hamilton becomes secretary of the treasury.
‡ Thomas Jefferson becomes the secretary of the state.
‡ Jefferson and Hamilton were political opposites and
rivals.
 11.2 Launching the New Government
The Title Debate
‡ Congress debated on what should be the
president͛s proper title.
‡ Supporters of a strong nat͛l. gov. thought the
pres. deserved a royalty-type title.
 Setting Up the Executive Branch
‡ 3 executive depts. were set up.
1. Dept. of State (Jefferson): handles relations w/ other
countries.
2. Dept. of War (Knox): to defend the nation.
3. Treasury Dept. (Hamilton): to oversee the nation͛s
finances (money).
‡ They were all known as à
 members.
 11.3 Washington as President
The Whiskey Rebellion
‡ The new gov. had no money, so they placed an
excise tax on whiskey and luxury items.
‡ Farmers of W. Penn. (who made whiskey)
rebelled against the tax.
‡ These ͞Whiskey Boys͟ tarred and feathered tax
collectors.
 Whiskey Rebellion Cont.
‡ Washington viewed the rebellion as a threat
to the authority of the nat͛l. gov.
‡ He sent armed troops (13,000) to crush the
rebellion.
¢he President͛s Cabinet
Henry Knox
ͻ Secretary of War

Alexander Hamilton
ͻ Secretary of the Treasury
ͻ Federalist: Favored Strong National Government

Thomas Jefferson
ͻ Secretary of State
ͻ Republican: Favored small government w/ limited powers
 The French Revolution
‡ 1798, the revolution began. French citizens revolted
against their king to build a nation based on ͞liberty,
equality, and fraternity.͟
‡ Republicans were thrilled w/ the revolution b/c they
saw it as a rise of democracy.
‡ Federalist were appalled by it b/c of immense
bloodshed of wealthy nobles (similar to many
Federalists).
 Washington͛s Farewell Address
‡ Washington warned of two main threats in his
address:
1. Problems w/ other countries.
2. The ͞spirit of party,͟ which meant to value and
maintain a sense of nat͛l unity over loyalty to a
political party.
Excerpt from the Farewell Address
The disorders and miseries, which result,
gradually incline the minds of men to seek
security and repose in the absolute power of
an individual; and sooner or later the chief of
some prevailing faction, more able or more
fortunate than his competitors, turns this
disposition to the purposes of his own
elevation, on the ruins of Public Liberty.
 Washington Farewell Cont.
‡ Washington͛s accomplishments:
1. Left the nation united.
2. The nation was growing, added 3 new states.
3. Government was up and running.
 11.4 Alexander Hamilton and the
Federalist Party
Personal background
‡ Born in the Caribbean and moved to N.Y. as a
teenager (no loyalty to any state).
‡ Married into a rich, powerful family.
Hamilton͛s View of Human Nature
‡ Hamilton believed that people were basically
selfish and out for themselves.
‡ Did not want common people to have too
much power.
 Best Form of Gov.
‡ ‰ederalists believed that the nation should be
led by, and that gov. decisions should be
made by, the wealthy and well educated.
‡ Federalists believed that states͛ rights were
not as important as the nat͛l. gov.
 Ideal Economy
‡ ‰ederalists wanted the gov. to promote
business, manufacturing, and trade..
‡ Hamilton persuaded Congress to establish The
Bank of The U.S.
 Relations With Britain and France
‡ Not very supportive of the French Revolution.
‡ In the war b/t France and Britain, Hamilton
and Federalists supported Vritain.