• General Information

• Geography and climate

• History
• Population
• Politcs
• Education
• Sights

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 General Information

• Capital city: Ottawa

• official language: English and French
• Area : 9.984.670 square kilometre
• Population: 34,3 million
 density: 3,4 sk
• Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II.
• flag:

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 Geography and climate

• Canada has a shared border wirth the USA

• It is surrounded by three oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic andthe Atlantic Ocean
• Is divided into ten provinces and three territories

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 Geography and climate
• climate is multifarious
• mainly it is defined by the long and cold winter ( -20 º C) and the short and

hot summer ( +25 º C )

• in west canada temperature rises up to 45 º C  droughts
• the lowest termperature registered was -63 º C in Yukon
• a lot of rainfall during the entire year

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 History

• The first European who wanted to settle in Canada was Leif Eriksson in
year 1000, but it was not able to last long
• 1605 the french managed the settlement in canada
• many wars against the British Crown  the french had to leave canada in
1763
• the British Crown gained possession in all colonies
• 1867 the colonies got their own constitution
• 1982 Canada achieved complete independence
• since then Canada has been a member of British Commonwealth of Nations

and the Queen is the symbolic head of state

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 Population
• most Canadians live in central Canada in the provinces of Quebec &
Ontario
• the lowest number of inhabitants has Nunavut with curtly 29000
• English is the language mainly spoken by Canadian
• in some provinces French is also a spoken language
• minorities of francophone Canadians and descendants of Aboriginal
inhabitants in all provinces
• three indigene ethnic groups: Indians, Inuit and the Metis = descandants of
Europeans who had relationships to Indian women
• the Metis developed their own language : “michif”
• 1.172.000 people belonging to the indigene population
• 2001 : about 200.000 people spoke one of the 50 indigene languages

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 Population

Métis fur trader Inuit woman 1907

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 Politics
• Canada is a constitutional monarchy inside of the Commonwealth of
Nations
with Queen Elisabeth II. as the head of state
• Canada is also a representative parliamentary democracy
• the constitution consists of written source of law and unwritten common
law
Exekutive :
• government is executed by the cabinet (the committee of the Canadian
crown
council) and the minorities of francophone
• all political affairs are passed to the ministers
• prime minister controls the cabinet as the head of government
• he appoints the cabinet members, senators, judges and he can propose the
vice-governor of the provinces
• since October 1st 2010, David Johnston has been Canada´s 28th governor
• since Febraury 6th 2006, Stephen Harper has been the Prime Minister of
Canada
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 Politics
Legislative:
• it consists of the House of Commons and the Senate
• every member is elected by the relative plurality voting system
• 308 members of the House of Commons and 105 delegates of the senate
• Senators have no firm term of office, but can rest in their office up to an age
of 75 years

Judicative:
• Canada´s legal system has the power to revoke laws that violate the
Constitution
• Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court and the highest
• since 2000, Beverley McLachlin has been Chief Justice of Canada
• the effective Common Law is based on the principles of the colonial time
• the Code Civil reflects in Quebec principles of the French legal order
• Law enforcement is the responsibility of the provinces, but it is transmitted
(except Quebec and Ontario) to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police
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 Politics

Assembly Hall of the House of Commons

Supreme Court of Canada in Ottawa

Assembly Hall of the Senate of Canada

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 Education
• no consistent national educational system; provinces and territories
themselves
are in charge of this
• their is no Canadian Ministry of Education
• Age of school entrance differs from province to province ( 5 or 6 years)
• Primary schools lasts until 6th or 7th grade
• Junior Highschool has got a 3 year period
• Senior Highschool has got a 4 year period
• the change over occurs without performance test, until the Senior Highschool
• 10 % of pupils visit a private school, they learn more than other pupils
• Public school attendance is free, private highschools and universities require
study fees
• University of Toronto is on place 27 of the world´s best universities
• University of British Columbia in Vancouver is on place 36

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 Education

The University of Toronto (U of T)

The University of British Columbia
(UBC)

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 Sights
1. Niagara Falls
• on the border of Ontario to America
• a very special natural spectacle and a highlight of every journey to
• consists of two different waterfalls
• Horseshoe Fall is located on the Canadian side; the top edge is about 790
meters high
• possibilitiy of going up to the waterfall with boats and to look at the
waterfalls
from look-outs
• in the evening hours the waterfalls are illuminated in 5 different colours
• Niagara: “thunderous water“
• about 3000 cubic meters water thunders every second down the cliffs

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 Sights
1. Niagara Falls

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 Sights
2. Cn Tower
• Canadian National Tower used to be, with a height of 553 meters, the world
´s
largest free standing tower until 2007
• the tower was built in the year 1976
• the mast is not round as usual, but has got a Y-shaped cross
• the peak alternates up to 3 meters during stormy weather
• four elevators transport the tourists in less than 1 second to the housing,
where
you will find, among others, a restaurant and a night club
• the highest observation deck is at a height of 447 meters
• about 2 million tourists visit the CN tower annually Niagara: “thunderous
water“
• about 3000 cubic meters water thunders every second down the cliffs

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 Sights
1. Cn Tower

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 O Canada!
Our home and native land!
True patriot love in all thy sons
command.
With glowing hearts we see thee rise,
The True North strong and free!
From far and wide,
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.
God keep our land glorious and free!
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.
Oanthem
Canada, we stand on guard for thee.

Coat of arms

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 Thank you for your
attention!

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