WCDMA FOR UMTS

Introduction
 CONTENT
 WCDMA in Third Generation Systems.
 Air Interfaces and Spectrum
Allocations for Third Generation
Systems.
 3G frequency range.
 UMTS Standardization.
 Differences between WCDMA and
Second Generation.
 Core Networks and Service.
 WCDMA in Third
Generation Systems
 WCDMA technology has emerged as the
most widely adopted third generation air
interface.
 The digital systems currently in use, such
as GSM, PDC, IS-95 and IS-136 are second
generation systems.
 Third generation systems are designed
for multimedia communication:
 High quality images and video.
 Higher data rates and new flexible
communication capabilities of third generation
systems.
 Air Interfaces and Spectrum
Allocations for Third Generation
Systems

 In the beginning of 1990 3G has been discussed

under the name FPLMN (future public land
mobile network).
 In the mid of 1990 the name changed to IMT-
2000(international mobile telecommunication)
,(2000):-indicate to the period of introduction of
this system.
 3G is studied under term IMT-2000 Which has
two branches:
 terrestrial mobile Communications.
 global mobile personal communication by satellite
GMPCS.
 3G or IMT-2000 spectrum's is managed by a
union called ITU (international
 :ITU tasks
 It’s special organization in the united nations
(UN).
 It’s responsible for telecommunications matter
in the world.
 Responsible for development and regulation of
telecommunication area in the world.
 It’s responsible for IMT-2000 spectrum’s like
frequency recommendations and its
compatibility with other systems.
 The 3rd Generation (3G)

Standardization:
International
Telecommunication
Union

Global Mobile
Personal
Communication
by Satellite

Future Public Land Mobile International Mobile

Telecommunication Systems
Telecommunications

IMT-2000
International Mobile Telecommunications
 Air Interfaces and Spectrum
Allocations for Third Generation
Systems
 Now ITU wants to make IMT-2000 is standard in all the
world.
 So, ITU request all standard development organizations to
submit proposal according to guidelines to create a family of
compatible systems.
 A total of 17 proposals are submitted by the most important
standard organizations in the world.
 11 proposals : Concern terrestrial & cellular system of 3G which
cover all possible areas from small area to wide area.
 6 proposals : Concern mobile satellite systems (MSS) for global
coverage of 3G system.
3G frequency range
 frequency band in wireless
communication is the most
important resource.
 WARC-92 world administration
radio conference-February 92 has
recommended by :
 1885M-2025M & 2110M-2200M
 They include 1980M-2010M &2170M-
2200M for MSS.
Frequency reservation 1G & 2G systems
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 frequency [MHz]
Europe,
Africa,
Australia
1G (NMT, C450,..) GSM900 MSS DECT
possibly 2G: GSM450 + GSM-R GSM1800

America
1G: AMPS, MSS 2G: GSM1900,
2G: D-AMPS, IS-95 IS-95, D-AMPS

Japan
1G + 2G: PDC 2G: MSS PHS
Remaining frequencies < 2 GHz: PDC
Military, Industry, Broadcast, TV, Research,
private (households, amateurs),...
WARC-92: 3G Plans
1980 2010 2170
cellular MSS cellular MSS
1885 2025 2110 2200

Frequency range [MHz] WARC: World Administrative Radio Conference

 Regional 3G Reservation
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

2010 MHz

IMT 2000 MSS IMT 2000 MSS

WARC-92

1885 MHz 2025 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz

Europe GSM 1800 DECT UMTS MSS UMTS MSS

1880 MHz 1980 MHz 2170 MHz

1918 MHz
Japan;
S. Korea PHS IMT 2000 MSS MSS
IMT 2000
like WARC-92
1895 MHz

USA, PCS1900
MSS reserved MSS
Canada A C B EF C A CB E F C
(C,E reserved)
1910 1930 1990 MHz 2160 MHz

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

Source: UMTS Forum Report #5
3G frequency range
 WRC-2000 (world radio
communication conference):
recommend with adding 160MHz
on the top of 2G&3G frequency
ranges.
 To provide global harmonization of
3G frequency ranges, this help in
room world wide.
 To add lower frequency for larger
cell.
 WRC-2000 • additional 3G frequency ranges
to be used from 2005 China only:
05/2000 in Istambul 2300 - 2400 MHz
• world-wide Harmonisation
only some of 3G frequency ranges
countries

Harmonisation / Extension:
cellular Reforming 2G frequencies
(important for rural service areas)
698 806 960
Frequency range [MHz]
Harmonisation / Extension:
cellular Reforming 2G frequencies

1710 1885
1980 2010 2170

cellular MSS WARC’92 cellular MSS

1885 2025 2110 2200

cellular Extension band

2500 2690
UMTS Standardization
 UMTS standard:
 It’s standard (European standard)
made by ETSI as 3G standard that meet
all IMT-2000 requirements
 ETSI SMG (special mobile group)
responsible for appearance of
UMTS standard.
 UMTS
ETSI
Standardization European Telecommunication
Standards Institute
ARIB/TTC
TTA Association of Radio Industries
Telecommunications Technology & Business / Telecommunication
Association, South Korea Technology Committee, Japan

TSACC GSA
Telecommunication Global Mobile Supplier
Association
Standards Advisory Council
of Canada

TIA
3GPP UMTS
IPv6
Forum

Telecommunication
3rd Generation Forum
Industry Association, Partnership Project UWCC
USA
Universal Wireless
Communications
ACIF Consortium
Australian Communications WMF
Industry Forum Wireless Multimedia MWIF
Forum
CWTS Mobile Wireless
Internet Forum
China Wireless 3G.IP
Telecommunications Forum GSM
Standards Association
ANSI T1
Committee T1 Organisational Partner
Telecommunications MPR: Market Representation
Partner
Observer ship status
Differences between WCDMA and
Second Generation Air Interfaces.
 new requirements of the third
generation systems :

 Bit rates up to 2 Mbps.

 Variable bit rate to offer bandwidth on demand.
 Multiplexing of services with different quality
requirements on a single connection, e.g. speech,
video and packet data.
 Delay requirements from delay-sensitive real time
traffic to flexible best-effort packet data.
 Quality requirements from 10 % frame error rate to
10^-6 bit error rate.
New requirements of the third
generation systems
 Co-existence of second and third generation systems and inter-
system handovers for coverage enhancements and load
balancing.
 Support of asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic, e.g. web
browsing causes more loading to downlink than to uplink.
 High spectrum efficiency.
 Co-existence of FDD and TDD modes.
 Differences between WCDMA and GSM air
interfaces

WCDMA GSM
Carrier spacing 5 MHz 200 KHZ
Frequency reuse factor 1 1-18
Power control 1500 HZ 2 Hz or lower
frequency
Quality control Radio resource Network planning
management algorithm (frequency planning(
Frequency diversity 5 MHZ BW gives Frequency hopping
Multipath diversity with
Rake receiver
Packet data Load-based packet Time slot based GPRS
scheduling
Downlink transmit Supported for improving Not supported by the
diversity downlink capacity standard, but
can be applied
 Main differences between WCDMA and
IS-95 air interfaces
WCDMA IS-95
Carrier spacing 5 MHZ 1.25 MHZ

Chip rate 3.84 Mbps 1.2288 Mbps

Power control 1500 Hz, both uplink and Uplink: 800 Hz, downlink:
frequency downlink slow power control

Base station Not needed Yes, typically obtained via

synchronization GPS

Inter frequency hand Yes, measurements with Possible, but measurement

over slotted mode method not specified
Efficient RRMA Yes, provides required Not needed for speech only
quality of service networks
Packet data Load-based packet Packet data transmitted as
scheduling short circuit switched
Downlink transmit Supported for improving Not supported by the
diversity downlink capacity standard
 Core Networks and
Services

Core network relation to the third generation air interface

alternatives
3GPP Releases