m ABORTION IS TERMINATION OF

PREGNANCY BEFORE 20TH WEEKS OF

PREGNANCY.
m OR DELIVARY OF FETUS WEIGHING LESS
THAN 500g.
m SPONTANIOUS ABORTION (miscarriage).
Generally occurs 1to3 weeks after death of
the embryo.
m CLINICAL PICTURE
*bleeding due to separation of the
fertilized ovum from uterine attachment
persist for weeks.
*uterine cramps.
m CAUSES OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
*inherent defect in the products of
conception (abnormal embryo, or
trophoblast, or both)
*severe acute infections (pneumonia,
pyelitis, and typhoid fever)
*endocrine disorders
m Induced abortion
Is artificially induced for therapeutic or
other reasons.
1-Threatened abortion
 Vaginal bleeding or spotting with or
without cramps.
 Closed cervix
2-invitable abortion
 Bleeding is moderate to copious
 Uterine cramping (moderate to severe)
 Membrane may or may not ruptured
 The cervical canal dilating
3-incomplete abortion
 Part of products has been passed, but
placenta is remained in the uterus
 Heavy bleeding
 Uterine cramping is severe
 Cervix is open with tissue present
V-complete abortion
 All products of conception has been
expelled
 Bleeding is slight
 Uterine cramping is mild
5-missed abortion
 Fetus dies in utero but retained
 Regression in uterine growth and breast
changes are present
 Malaise, headache, and anorexia
 Hypofibrinogenemia may result
 Fundal height fails to increase or fetal
heart tones are absent (discover)
6-recurrent abortion
 Spontaneous abortion in successive
pregnancy (three or more)
±-Illegal abortion (termination of
pregnancy by no physician abortionists)
The method may involve ingestion of drugs
(quinine, castor oil, or placement of foreign
body) which can lead to severe
infection, often with shock and renal
failure, may result.
m Ultra sound can be used to differentiate
between a live fetus and a pregnancy
that will end in spontaneous abortion.
m
 


  


    

 

 
 
    
 
 



   

  

 
m Bed rest and sexual abstinence.
m Sedatives are ordered to promote
relaxation.
m In copious bleeding with cramps
hospitalization should be recommended.
m IV therapy for fluid replacement or blood
transfusion as necessary.
m In incomplete, or missed abortion the aid
is to empting the uterus; because of
danger of maternal hemorrhage.
m Oxytocin may administered.
m If its not effective surgical management
(ovum forceps, dilatation and curtage
D&C, OR vacuum extraction.