Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Zimbabwe
Prepared by :
Energy balance – Countr y
Analysis
Outline
Ø Energy Consumption by Source.
Ø Energy consumption by Sector.
Ø Energy produced by Source.
Ø Detail on Renewable Resouces.
Ø Short desciption on GHG.
Ø Conclusion.
Ø
Ø
Energy Flow Diagram
SECONDARY
SECONDARY ENERGY
ENERGY Hydropower, ELECTRICITY
ØIt is the major source of energy for cooking, lighting and heating for over 80% of the
population mainly in the rural and peri-urban areas.
Ø
ØCoal is the most abundant source of primary energy found in Zimbabwe apart from fuel wood.
Ø
ØZimbabwe has 30 billion tonnes of probable bituminous coal reserves in 21 deposits of which
in situ reserves are estimated at between 10 and 20 billion.
Ø
ØProven reserves can last for 107 years and total reserves for over 200years at the present
Energy demand by Sector Energy demand by Fuel
in India in India
Munyati 120MW
Biomass Reserve for Zimbabwe
Fuelwood 8.4
Timber 12.1
Non-Productive 14.2
Total 34.7
ØAfter the development and refurbishment of some coal fired thermal power
plants in the past years the thrust is now on developing hydroelectric power
plants as well.
Ø
ØRural Zimbabwe as well as the low-income urban households are
highly dependent on fuelwood.
Hwange 480
Dahlia 1400
Hankano 7850
Lubimbi 11800
Lusulu 3000
Kaonga and Sessami 1000
Mkushwe 4300
Sengwa 400
Total 30230
Technical potential for Renewable Energy ( MW ) in
Zimbabwe
Solar PV 0 .8 >300
Solar WH 10000 units 1 million
Mini Hydro 1 .7 20
Micro Hydro 1 15
Wind
Power generation 0 250
from sawmill
waste
Solar PV
ØSolar Photovoltaic installed in the country is mainly in rural areas at service centers
like schools and hospitals as well individual homes.
ØIn rural areas PV is used for lighting, radio and television.
ØPV has a lot of potential given the country’s annual insolation of over 2000kWh/m2
and the fact that, of Zimbabwe’s over 2million households only 23% are electrified.
ØWith an estimated installed capacity of 800kWp the annual increase growth of this sector is
estimated at 3%.
ØThe recently ended GEF project facilitated large-scale importation and installation of a
lot of PV systems around the country. This created a good number of
companies who provided Solar PV services.
2002 -10
2003 -3.1
2004 -14.7
2005 -7.8
2006 3.6
2007 -1.8
2008 -5
2009 -14.7
2000 2400
2001 2500
2002 2450
2003 2400
2004 1900
2005 1900
2006 2100
2007 2100
2008 200
2009 200
2003 23000
2004 23000
2005 23000
2006 22500
2007 22500
2008 16000
2000 8.403
2001 6.939
2002 10.475
2003 9.813
2004 9.813
2005 11.22
2006 11.22
2007 11
2008 11.59
2009 11.59
Definition of Electricity - consumption : This entry consists of
total electricity generated annually plus imports and minus exports,
expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of
electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or
exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Year Electricity -
production
(billion kWh)
2000 6.97
2001 5.78
2002 6.425
2003 6.735
2004 6.735
2005 8.839
2006 8.877
2007 9.412
2008
Definition of Electricity - production: This entry is the 9.467generated
annual electricity
expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between2009the amount of electricity
9.467 generated
and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in
transmission and distribution.
Year Electricity -
exports (million
kWh)
2000 0
2001 0
2002 0
2003 0
2004 0
2005 0
2006 0
2007 0
2008 34
2009 34
2000 1921
2001 1564
2002 4500
2003 3550
2004 3550
2005 3000
2006 3300
2007 2250
2008 2867
2009 is the2867
Definition of Electricity - imports : This entry total
imported electricity in kilowatt-hours.
Year Oil - imports
(bbl/day)
2006 23000
2007 23000
2008 13370
6.8 5.6
World
Asia 4.5 3.4
Projected World Peak
Production of Petroleum
41
World Total Primary Energy Supply in 1998
(9491 Mtoe)
42
Why the growing Interest in
Biomass Energy?
§ The link between biomass energy and
poverty is strong
§ Biomass delivers energy in all forms –
solid, liquid and gas
§ Meets energy needs without expensive
technologies
§ The linkage with ghg emission mitigation
is strong
§ By being locally-driven, it enhances energy
security
43
Why the growing Interest in
Biomass Energy? Cont...
§ ½ Million die annually in SSA as
result of traditional fuelwood use
(against 750,000 for malaria)
§ One billion in SSA will in 2030 be
dependent on traditional woodfuel
for energy
§ Access to modern energy is in
decline in most of SSA countries
44
Decline in electricity use
(kwh/capita) 1990 - 2004
COUNTRY RATE OF DECLINE
Ghana -22%
Chad -31.3%
Cameroon -8.9%
S. Leone -54.7%
DRC -42.1%
Zimbabwe -10%
Source: UNDP HDR, 2007/8
45
Energy Resource
REGION
Distribution
RESOURCES
Brief Outline
Suitable sites will be surveyed and if suitable a wind charger system will be installed. These
will comprise:-
i) A tower
ii) A Wind generator
iii) A controller
iv) A battery bank
v) A DC-AC Inverter
vi) An automatic battery charging system
vii) Limited 220volt AC distributor
Operation
Potential Owners
a) Mr Elias Mabvuramiti- Chimanimani
b) Mr. S. Ngwenya- Bulawayo Area
c) Mr Moses Ruwana- Mt Darwin
d) Mr Moyo- Nyanga
Øwww.earthtrends.wri.org
Øwww.iceednigeria.org
Øwww.eia.doe.gov
Øwww.greenbusinesscentre.com