English- The Global

Language
 History Of English Language
 It originated from England
 English is a living language
 It has developed across time and place in both its oral & written
forms
 It has the largest vocabulary of all the world’s Language
 It is still growing
 There are many variations in the oral & written form
 Written form is relatively stable for centuries
 It is identical throughout the world except some spellings
 Language & Vocabulary

Oral Language develops naturally

From Exposure to the languages of our parents,
Communities,
Friends & Neighbors
It gets influenced from the local languages
Its dialects & the mannerism its spoken
 Approach for Pronunciation
Passage Reading:
An aviator was sent on a mission to a distant part of the globe when
he returned to his base, he noticed that it was strangely quite
Everything was in perfect order, but there wasn’t a sign of life
in the place. He wandered through the town very surprised.
He could not fine even one living creature in the town. He
drove back to the airport filled his plane with gas
and flew terrified to New York, London and
Moscow
While he had been on his mission every animal
and human being seemed to have disappeared from
the earth.
What do you understand with the above Passage?
Pronouncing every word correctly leads to poor pronunciation! Good pronunciation
comes from stressing the right words- this is because English is a time-stressed
language.
 Pronunciation
Pronunciation plays a very important part when we speak, many times when
we mispronounce the meaning of the sentence or the word changes.

Factors effecting the Pronunciation

Word Stress
Mispronounce
Sounds

Word Stress- Changes in Meaning

When speaking the words you stress can change the underlying meaning of a
sentence.
Even simple sentences have different meaning based on how you stress
Communication of People is often judged by the way they pronounce the
words and stress the words. It gives the first impression to the person
 Pronunciation
Mispronounce of words:
It creates lots of problems to the listeners or the people whom the message is
conveyed
Phonetics help the people in pronouncing the words in the proper way
Need to remember the International Phonetic Alphabets

Sounds:
One should keep in mind certain words how they are pronounced & how it
sounds when an Native English speaker speaks
You need to learn how each word is pronounced specially the vowels and
consonant sounds
Mouth should be properly opened when pronouncing
Need to do mouth exercises to get the proper pronunciations
 Phonetic Symbols & Alphabet

Phonetic symbols provides great help when learning how to pronounce words
Correct pronunciation is found in the dictionaries, where the correct
pronunciation is known by looking the phonetic symbols
In English many words can have the same pronunciation but written differently
Example: to, two & too
Sometimes the words can be written similarly but have different
pronunciations
Example: Thought, Though, Bough & Through
Major factor in many instances is the word stress
Understanding the Phonetic Alphabet can greatly simplify the learning process
 Phonetic Alphabet

A as in Alpha N as in November
B as in Bravo O as in Oscar
C as in Charlie P as in Papa
D as in Delta Q as in Quebec
E as in Echo R as in Romeo
F as in Foxtrot S as in Sierra
G as in Golf T as in Tango
H as in Hotel U as in Uniform
I as in India V as in Victor
J as in Juliet W as in Whiskey
K as in Kilo X as in X-ray
L as in Lima Y as in Yankee
M as in Mike Z as in Zulu
 Word Stress
When you are speaking in English the word stress can change the
underlying meaning a sentence
Example : I don’t think he should get the job
This simple sentence can have many levels of meaning based on the word you
stress

Read the each sentence aloud and give a strong stress on the Bold
word
I don’t think he should get that job
I don’t think he should get that job
I don’t think he should get that job
I don’t think he should get that job
I don’t think he should get that job

I don’t think he should get that job

I don’t think he should get that job

I don’t think he should get that job

As you can see there are many different ways this sentence can be understood

The important point to remember is that the true meaning of the sentence is also
expressed though the stressed word or words

Another sentence

I said she might consider a new haircut

 Intonation & Stress
English is a stressed langue while many other languages are considered syllabic.
What does that Mean?
It means that, in English, we need to give stress to certain words while other
words are quickly spoken. Where as in other languages as French and Italian
each syllable is given equal importance.
1. Many of the Indian speakers speak very fast & swallow number of words in
an sentence.
2. In syllable language each syllable has equal importance & therefore equal
time is needed, However in English language we need to spend more time on
specific stressed words while quickly gliding the other less important words.

Example: They can come on Friday (stressed words are Bold & colored)
But on the other hand if the sentence is in Negative then we need to stress on Can’t
They can’t come on Friday
Guidelines:

Generally stressed words are considered as Content

Words such as:
Nouns e.g. Kitchen, Peter
(most) Principal verbs e.g. visit, construct
Adjectives e.g. beautiful, interesting
Adverbs e.g. often, carefully
No stressed words are considered Function Words Such
as
Determiners e.g. the ,a, some, a few
Auxiliary verbs e.g. don’t, am, can, were
Prepositions e.g. before, next to, opposite
Conjunction e.g. but, while, as
Pronouns e.g. they, she, us
Try listing to native English speakers , watch English news channels
& movies channel to pick up how they stress the words. Stressed
words are key to excellent pronunciation & Understanding of
English
Idioms :
Idioms is a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of the language
It is an expression whose meaning is not compositional i.e. whose meaning does
not follow from the meaning of the individual words of which it is composed.
It refers to a grammatical construction unique to a certain people, region or calls
It cannot be translated laterally in to any other language

Examples:
Hammered meaning Drunk
Grunt work meaning physically exhausting or repetitive work
Big Bucks meaning lots of money
Blown Away meaning surprised and amazed
Can I be more Blunt means do you mind if I tell you exactly what I
think?
Dropped the Ball meaning t fall when may people are expecting you to
succeed
Gave me the cold Shoulder meaning acted like he wasn’t interested/like
me
Get a Grip meaning don’t get so upset, don’t worry so much
Hit the Spot meaning to solve your problem exactly
He/She has got a Big mouth meaning He/She cant keep a secret
Cold Turkey meaning Completely eluded
Itsy-Bitsy meaning very small
Kinda Meaning Kind of or sort of
Take a Hike meaning Go away, get out of my face
 Thank You

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