A PRESENTATION ON

TOUCHSCREEN TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY:
SAMIKSHA JAIN
VIII SEM ,ECE
 WHAT IT IS ??
 A touchscreen is an electronic visual display
that can detect the presence and location of a
touch within the display area.

 The term generally refers to touch or contact

to the display of the device by a finger or
hand. Touchscreens can also sense other
passive objects.
 SINGLE TOUCH

Single Touch occurs when a finger or stylus

creates a touch event on the surface of a touch
sensor or within a touch field so it is detected
by the touch controller and the application can
determine the X,Y coordinates of the touch
event.
TWO TOUCH (2-POINT)

Two Touch refers to a touch system that can detect

and resolve two discrete, simultaneous touch events.

The best demonstration of Two Touch capability is to

draw two parallel lines on the screen at the same
time. Two Touch systems can also support gesturing.
MULTI-TOUCH

Multi-touch refers to a touch system´s ability to

simultaneously detect and resolve a minimum of 3+
touch points. All 3 or more touches are detected and
fully resolved resulting in a dramatically improved
touch experience.

Multi-touch is considered by many to become a

widely-used interface mainly because of the speed,
efficiency and intuitiveness of the technology.
 WHEN IT WAS DEVLOPED ??
• 1971- The first "touch sensor” was developed by Dr. Sam
Hurst, founder of  Elographics. This sensor was called the
"Elograph“. It was a significant mile-stone for touch screen
technology.

• 1974 - The first true touch screen came on the scene , again
developed by Dr.Hurst.

• 1975 - Touchscreens first gained some visibility with the invention

of the computer-assisted learning terminal, which came out in as
part of the PLATO project.
• 1977- Elographics developed and
patented five-wire resistive technology,
the most popular touch screen technology
in use today.

• 1983-came world's earliest commercial

touchscreen computer HP-150.
HOW IT WORKS ??
 TOUCH SENSOR

•A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch

responsive surface. The touch sensor/panel is placed over a
display screen so that the responsive area of the panel covers the
viewable area of the video screen.

•The sensor generally has an electrical current or signal going

through it and touching the screen causes a voltage or signal
change. This voltage change is used to determine the location of
the touch to the screen.
HOW IT WORKS?
 CONTROLLER
•The controller is a small PC card that connects between
the touch sensor and the PC It takes information from
the touch sensor and translates it into information that
PC can understand.

•The controller is usually installed inside the monitor for

integrated monitors or it is housed in a plastic case for
external touch add-ons/overlays

•Integrated touch monitors will have an extra cable

connection on the back for the touch screen
 SOFTWARE DRIVER

•The driver is a software update for the PC system that allows the
touch screen and computer to work together. It tells the
computer's operating system how to interpret the touch event
information that is sent from the controller.

•This allows the touch screen to work with existing software and
allows new applications to be developed without the need for
touch screen specific programming
VARIOUS TOUCHSCREEN
TECHNOLOGIES
Resistive

Surface Acoustic

Capacitive
 Infrared

Optical Imaging

Dispersive Signal

AcousticPulse
Recognisation
 RESISTIVE TECHNOLOGY

•A resistive touchscreen panel is composed of several electrically

conductive layers separated by a narrow gap.
• When an object presses down on a point on the panel's outer
surface the two metallic layers become connected at that point.

• The panel then behaves as a pair of voltage dividers.

• This causes a change in the electrical current, which is

registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for
processing.
HOW IT WORKS ??
Surface acoustic wave Technology
•SAW technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the
touchscreen panel.

• When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is

absorbed.

• This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the position

of the touch event .

•These screen panels can be damaged by outside elements

and contaminants on the surface.
 CAPACITIVE

PROJECTED SURFACE
CAPACITANCE CAPACITANCE

MUTUAL SELF
CAPACITIVE CAPACITIVE
 Projected Capacitive Touch
• It
permits more accurate and flexible operation, by etching the
conductive layer.

• An X-Y grid is formed either by etching a single layer to form a grid

pattern of electrodes, or by etching two separate, perpendicular layers of
conductive material with parallel lines or tracks to form the grid.

•Layers can be coated with further protective insulating layers, and

operate even under screen protectors, or behind weather and vandal-
proof glass. Due to the top layer of a PCT being glass, PCT is a more
robust solution.

• Conductive smudges and dust due to moisture on the panel surface can
interfere with the performance.
 Mutual Capacitive Technology
•A capacitor at every intersection of each row and each column is
placed.
For eg: A 12-by-16 array, would have 192 independent capacitors.

• A voltage is applied to the rows or columns. Bringing a finger or

stylus close to the surface of the sensor changes the local electrostatic
field which reduces the mutual capacitance.

• The capacitance change at every individual point on the grid can be

measured to determine the touch location by measuring the voltage in
the other axis. Mutual capacitance allows multi-touch operation
 Self capacitive technology
•Self capacitance sensors can have the same X-Y grid as mutual
capacitance sensors, but the columns and rows operate
independently.

• With self capacitance, the capacitive load of a finger is measured

on each column or row electrode by a current meter.

•This method produces a stronger signal than mutual capacitance.

• It is unable to resolve accurately more than one finger, which

results in "ghosting", or misplaced location sensing.
 INFRARED TECHNOLOGY
•An infrared touchscreen uses an array of X-Y infrared LED and photo
detector pairs around the edges of the screen to detect a disruption in the
pattern of LED beams.

• These LED beams cross each other in vertical and horizontal patterns.
This helps the sensors pick up the exact location of the touch.

•This type of a system can detect essentially any input including a

finger, gloved finger, stylus or pen.

•Unlike capacitive touchscreens, infrared touchscreens do not require

any patterning on the glass which increases durability and optical clarity
of the overall system.
 OPTICAL IMAGING
•This is a relatively modern development in touchscreen technology, in
which two or more image sensors are placed around the edges (mostly
the corners) of the screen.

• Infrared back lights are placed in the camera's field of view on the
other side of the screen.

• A touch shows up as a shadow and each pair of cameras can then be

pinpointed to locate the touch or even measure the size of the touching
object.

• This technology is growing in popularity, due to its scalability,

versatility, and affordability, especially for larger units.
DISPERSIVE SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY

• Introduced in 2002 by 3M

• Uses sensors to detect the mechanical energy in the glass that occurs
due to a touch.

• Complex algorithms interpret this information and provide the actual

location of the touch.

• Unaffected by dust and other outside elements, including scratches.

• Since there is no need for additional elements on screen, so it
provides excellent optical clarity.

•Also, since mechanical vibrations are used to detect a touch event,

any object can be used to generate these events.
 ACOUSTIC PULSE RECOGNITION
•This system, introduced by Tyco International's Elo division in 2006,
uses piezoelectric transducers located at various positions around the
screen to turn the mechanical energy of a touch (vibration) into an
electronic signal.

• The screen hardware uses an algorithm to determine the location of the

touch based on the transducer signals.

• The touchscreen itself is made of ordinary glass.

• It is well suited to displays that are physically larger.

 APPLICATIONS
•In restaurants, bars, and casinos, touch screens are used for order entry
and entertainment

•In industrial environments like assembly lines and factories, touch

screens are simplifying process automation

•In museums, hotel lobbies, and shopping malls touch-enabled kiosks

provide easy access to information

•For children involved in educational training, touch is an instinctive

way to interact with computers

•Touchscreen mobile phones such as iphone,ipods, laptops are now

very popular
 CONCLUSION
•Touch Screen seems very promising emerging technology

• It provides a very good user interface with applications that

normally require a mouse

•It is very useful in various fields like Museum / tourism displays,

railway station, casino and other gaming systems, Airport, telephone
exchange etc

•It has good future in many new technologies like in cell phones,
palmtops, laptops etc
 REFRENCES
• Ehow.com

• Wikepidia

• Touchscreenguide.com

• Digitalsignage.com

• TouchscreenMiddleEast.com
THANK YOU!!!
QUERIES??