All About 3G

Ferdinand Aguilar
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aguilar.ferdi@gmail.com
Contents

Background Information

Technical Description

IMT – 2000 Standards

Branded 3G

Unbranded 3G
 Background Information

LOGO
Background Information
BASIC STRUCTURE
Background Information
MULTIPLE ACCESS METHODS
Background Information
BASIC CONCEPTS OF CELLULAR COMM.

 Uplink & Downlink separated in

 Time: Time Division Duplex (TDD), or
 Frequency: Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)

 Information (voice, data) is digitized and bit streams

modulated onto carrier

 Spatial attenuation of signal

 Frequency or codes can be reused (frequency reuse)
Background Information
EVOLUTION

 0G: Mobile radio telephones (PTT, MTS)

 1G: Analog
 2G/3G and beyond - digital:
 Technical Description

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Technical Description
DEFINITION

 technically termed as, “IMT – 2000”

(International Mobile Telecommunications – 2000)

 a generation of standards for mobile phones and

mobile telecommunications services fulfilling
specifications by the ITU

 wide-area wireless voice telephone, mobile Internet

access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile
environment
Technical Description
FEATURES

Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications

 For the consumer

 Video streaming, TV broadcast
 Video calls, video clips – news, music, sports
 Enhanced gaming, chat, location services

 For business
 High speed teleworking / VPN access
 Sales force automation
 Video conferencing
 Real-time financial information
 IMT – 2000 Standards

LOGO
 IMT – 2000 Standards
OVERVIEW

geographical
ITU IMT-2000 common name(s) BW of data duplex channel description
areas

evolutionary worldwide, except

TDMA EDGE
EDGE Evolution TDMA upgrade to Japan and South
Single‑Carrier (IMT‑SC) (UWT-136)
GSM/GPRS Korea

FDD evolutionary
CDMA Americas, Asia,
CDMA2000 EV-DO upgrade to
Multi‑Carrier (IMT‑MC) some others
cdmaOne (IS-95)

CDMA CDMA
W-CDMA worldwide
Direct Spread (IMT‑DS) family of
UMTS HSPA revolutionary
TD‑CDMA Europe
standards.
CDMA TDD (IMT‑TC)
TD‑SCDMA China

short-range;
FDMA/ FDMA/
DECT none TDD standard for Europe, USA
TDMA (IMT‑FT) TDMA
cordless phones

WiMAX
IP‑OFDMA OFDMA worldwide
(IEEE 802.16)
IMT – 2000 Standards
ITU STANDARDIZATION

IMT-2000

BRANDED UNBRANDED
3G 3G
IMT – 2000 Standards
ITU STANDARDIZATION

BRANDED 3G
 The UMTS system, first offered in 2001, standardized by
3GPP. The cell phones are typically UMTS and GSM
hybrids. Several radio interfaces are offered, sharing the
same infrastructure:
 The original and most widespread radio interface is called W-
CDMA
 The TD-SCDMA radio interface, was commercialised in 2009
and is only offered in China.
 The latest UMTS release, HSPA+ (HSDPA and HSUPA)

 the CDMA2000 system, first offered in 2002,

standardized by 3GPP2, sharing infrastructure with the IS-
95 2G standard. The cell phones are typically CDMA2000
and IS-95 hybrids.
IMT – 2000 Standards
ITU STANDARDIZATION

NOT BRANDED 3G
 3G Revolution – 3G standards based on completely
different technologies

 GSM EDGE standard ("2.9G")

 DECT

 WiMAX
IMT – 2000 Standards
COUNTRY ADOPTION

 Japan:
 FOMA  UMTS

 Europe:
 W – CDMA (FDD model) and TD-CDMA(TDD)  UMTS

 America:
 CDMA-2000

 China:
 TD-SCDMA  UMTS
IMT – 2000 Standards
UPGRADE PATH

2G IS-95 GSM- IS-136 & PDC

GPRS
2.5G IS-95B
HSCSD EDGE

Cdma2000-1xRTT W-CDMA
3G Cdma2000-1xEV,DV,DO EDGE
Cdma2000-3xRTT TD-SCDMA
3GPP2 3GPP
 Branded 3G

LOGO
Branded 3G
UMTS

 the first deployment of the UMTS is the release99 (R99)

architecture

 specified by 3GPP and is part of the global ITU IMT-2000

standard

 the most common form of UMTS uses W-CDMA (IMT Direct

Spread) as the underlying air interface but the system also
covers TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA (both IMT CDMA TDD)

 Usually used in Europe

 Outside Europe
 Japan’s UMTS version  FOMA
Branded 3G
UMTS DIVISION

TD-SCDMA

UMTS
W-CDMA

TD-CDMA
Branded 3G
UMTS (W – CDMA)

 W-CDMA uses the DS (Direct Spread)-CDMA channel

access method with a pair of 5 MHz channels  the
competing CDMA2000 system uses one or more arbitrary
1.25 MHz channels for each direction of communication

 frequency bands originally defined by the UMTS standard

 885–2025 MHz for the mobile-to-base (uplink)
 2110–2200 MHz for the base-to-mobile (downlink)

 frequency bands in the US

 1710–1755 MHz and 2110–2155 MHz

 W-CDMA is a part of IMT-2000 as IMT Direct Spread

Branded 3G
UMTS (UTRA – TDD HCR)

 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access(UTRA)-Time Division

Duplex(TDD) High Chip Rate(HCR)

 a 3GPP standardized channel access method based on a

combination of TDMA and CDMA (TD-CDMA)

 uses increments of 5 MHz of spectrum, each slice divided

into 10ms frames containing fifteen time slots (1500
per second)

 time slots (TS) are allocated in fixed percentage for

downlink and uplink

 it does not need separate frequency bands for up- and

downstream, allowing deployment in tight frequency bands
Branded 3G
UMTS (TD – SCDMA)

 Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple

Access

 an air interface found in UMTS mobile telecommunications

networks in China as an alternative to W-CDMA

 uses the TDMA channel access method combined with an

adaptive synchronous CDMA component on 1.6 MHz slices
of spectrum
 3GPP Architecture

Circuit SCP
Switched BSC & PCU
TDM
Um Abis A
BTS
PSTN

SIM FR HLR AUC

Packet Gb
Switched
Core IP Network Internet
Corporate
Gn Gi

Packet Control Unit
(PCU)
Forward data frames from
TDM BSS to packet core
New hardware in BSC
Serving GPRS Support Node Gateway GPRS Support
(SGSN) Node (GGSN)
Packet transfer to, from serving area Gateway to external IP
networks (VPN/ISP etc)
Registration, authentication, mobility
IP network security
management / handover, CDRs
GPRS session mgmt, AAAA
logical links to BTS, tunnel to GGSN
CDRs for charging
High Level Architecture

ABBREVIATIONS

SERVICE
PLANE
SCIM: Service Capability Interaction Manager
MRFC: Multimedia Resource Function Controller SCIM
CSCF: Call Session Control Function (Service Broker Platform)
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
HLR: Home Location Register
PDF: Policy Decision Function MRFC S-CSCF
HSS
BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function

CONTROL
I-CSCF HLR
MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function

PLANE
MGW: Media Gateway P-CSCF BGCF
GGSN: Gateway P\GPRS Support Node
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node PDF MGCF

MRFP PSTN
Node B RNC MG MG PLMN
W W
BTS BSC
SGSN GGSN
Intranet/
Internet
WLAN
RAN TRANSPORT PLANE
Branded 3G
CDMA2000
 also called IMT Multi‑Carrier (IMT‑MC)
 CDMA2000 1X
 CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. 0
 CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. A
 CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. B

 is backward-compatible with its previous 2G iteration IS-95

(cdmaOne)

 LTE is its successor as a part of the competing 3GPP family

 Utilizes a duplex pair of 1.25 MHz radio channels

supporting packet data speeds of up to 153 kbps with
real world data transmission averaging 60–100 kbps in
most commercial applications
 Unbranded 3G

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Unbranded 3G
DIVISIONS

DECT

Unbranded
EDGE

WiMAX
 Unbranded 3G
EDGE (2.9G)
 Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)
 also called, Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-
SC), or Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution

 allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-

compatible extension of GSM

 deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003

 standardized by 3GPP as part of the GSM family

 a threefold increase in capacity and performance compared with

an ordinary GSM/GPRS connection

 used for any packet switched application like Internet with peak
bit-rates of up to 1Mbps and typical bit-rates of 400kbps
 Unbranded 3G
DECT
 Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications

 primarily used for creating cordless phone systems

 specifies a means for a portable unit, such as a cordless

telephone, to access a fixed telecoms network via radio

 Technical Properties
 Net bit rate: 32 kbps
 Frequency: 1880 MHz–1900 MHz in Europe, 1900 MHz-1920 MHz in
China, 1910 MHz-1930 MHz in Latin America and 1920 MHz–
1930 MHz in the US and Canada
 Carriers: 10 (1,728 kHz spacing) in Europe, 5 (1,728 kHz spacing) in
the US
 Time slots: 2 x 12 (up and down stream)
 IMT – 2000 Standards
OVERVIEW

geographical
ITU IMT-2000 common name(s) BW of data duplex channel description
areas

evolutionary worldwide, except

TDMA EDGE
EDGE Evolution TDMA upgrade to Japan and South
Single‑Carrier (IMT‑SC) (UWT-136)
GSM/GPRS Korea

FDD evolutionary
CDMA Americas, Asia,
CDMA2000 EV-DO upgrade to
Multi‑Carrier (IMT‑MC) some others
cdmaOne (IS-95)

CDMA CDMA
W-CDMA worldwide
Direct Spread (IMT‑DS) family of
UMTS HSPA revolutionary
TD‑CDMA Europe
standards.
CDMA TDD (IMT‑TC)
TD‑SCDMA China

short-range;
FDMA/ FDMA/
DECT none TDD standard for Europe, USA
TDMA (IMT‑FT) TDMA
cordless phones

WiMAX
IP‑OFDMA OFDMA worldwide
(IEEE 802.16)
LOGO