mThe shift toward a more

integrated and
interdependent world
economy.
 6




m6
 


m6
 




Ôizio flat panel TÔ is
designed in a small office in
California
assembled in Mexico
From
panels made in South Korea
electronic components made in
China
microprocessors made in the U.S.
n the past, each country had
its own companies in many industries
and its own products
But the most global markets are for
standard goods
ëAluminum
ëWheat
ëMicroprocessors
ëAircraft
ëFor many consumer end-products, huge differences
still exist among national markets
ëFood, clothing, entertainment
˜ An Product Or Material That s
Brought And Sold .

˜
ery Kind Of Mo
able Property, except

Actionable Claims , Money And
Securities.
ðmportant constituent of the financial
markets of any country

ðA wide range of products
iz., Precious

metals ,base metals ,crude oil, energy And
soft commodities like palm oil ,coffee etc.Are
traded.
ëBombay cotton trade association ltd.,
Set up in 1875 was the first organised
futures market.
ë Bombay cotton exchange ltd.- 1983
ëThe futures trading oil seeds - 1900
ëGujarati Ôyapari Mandali
˜ Precious Metals : Gold, Sil
er, Platinum tc
˜ Other Metals : Nickel, Aluminium, Copper
tc
˜ Agro Based Commodities : Wheat ,Corn ,
Cotton, Oils, Oilseeds
˜ Soft Commodities : Coffee, cocoa, Sugar, tc
˜ Li
e-stock : Li
e Cattle , Pork Bellies tc
˜ nergy : Crude Oil , Natural Gas , Gasoline tc
 ¢MCX) Multi Commodity xchange Located
n Mumbai.
¢NCD X) National Commodity And
Deri
ati
es xchange Ltd. Located n
Mumbai.
¢NBOT) National Board Of Trade Located n
ndore.
¢NMC ) National Multi Commodity xchange
Located At Ahmedabad.
 È
  





Two factors underlie globalization:

] Decline in barriers to the free flow of

goods, ser
ices, and capital that has
occurred since the end of World War .

]Technological change
 A
erage Tariff Rates on Manufactured
Products

þ þ
þ  þ  
i
   
 
 
  
 

   

 


  
  


 
 
     
  
 
      
Affects of Lowering Trade
Barriers

@A B C DE F G HI J C K L MN G E O P Q A HB N R A HDL E S HA L T I B MA K
 The Role of Technology
mLowering of trade barriers made globalization
possible;
mtechnology has made it a transforming mo
ement


 
 


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00

02

03

04
:; < ; = > = MB EU B; B H < ? ; = E = ? B; H V E> = M = @ A HD
 World Trade Organization ¢WTO)
nternational Monetary Fund
¢MF)
World Bank which promotes
economic de
elopment , the
United Nations ¢UN)
ð=
ð

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n the Report ¢ 006) ast Asian Renaissance,

World Bank Ad
isor Dr ntermit Gill stated:

Cities are at the core of a de
elopment strategy based
on international integration, in
estment and
inno
ation.
1) Unequal distribution of wealth disparity in
income.
) Rapid pri
atization go
ernment dri
en
public sector units are on sale.
3) Une
en growth in respect of different
sectors.
4) xtreme mechanization is reducing
demand for manual labours.
5) Both employee and consumer exploitation
are on rise by pri
ate sector.
Social Ser
ices
Growth of Slum Capitals
Growth of Unemployment Po
erty
Growth of management education
Demoting Agriculture