Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Memory Structure
Process Structure
Storage Structure
New Features
Overview of Oracle Architecture
TL-812
4,000,000 KByte 1,200,000 KByte 2,100 KByte
Shared SQL
Area
Memory Structure :Redo Log Buffer
change vector #1
redo record
change vector #1
change vector #1
Oracle Processes
Pnnn
SGA
Database Buffer Cache Redo Log
Buffer
Offline
Storage
Device
Dedicated
Snnn Server
Process
DBWR LGWR ARCH
Dnnn
User
Process CKPT
Control
Files
Users Redo Log
Data Files
Files
Background Process
User Processes
- A user process is used when a user runs an application program
- Runs the tool/application and is considered the client
- Passes SQL to the server process and receives the results
Server Processes
- A server process must place the data in the database buffer cache
- Parce and execute SQL statements
- Read data blocks from disk into the shred database buffers of the SGA
- Return the results of SQL statements to the user process
Parse : check syntax, security access, object resolution, optimization
Execute : applies the parse tree to the data, perform a physical read and cha
nge
Fetch : Passes data to the user (only SELECT)
Oracle Files
Datafile
Redo Log Files
Control Files
Parameter File
Archive File
Log File (alert*.log, sqlnet.log, listener.log...)
Trace File
Storage Architecture
Segment
96K
Extent Extent
24K 72K 2K
2K
2K 2K 2K 2K
2K 2K 2K 2K
2K 2K 2K 2K
2K 2K 2K 2K
2K 2K 2K 2K
2K 2K 2K 2K
2K 2K 2K 2K
2K 2K 2K 2K
2K 2K 2K 2K
2K 2K 2K 2K
Database Blocks
Logical Storage Architecture
Database
DATA1.ORA DATA2.ORA
DATA3.ORA
Cont’d
Objects stored in tablespaces
Header
Table Dictionary General Block Information
Row Dictionary (Block add, Segment type)
85 ~ 100 bytes
Free Space
Table info in Cluster
PCTFREE
PCTFREE PCTUSED
PCTUSED
PCTFREE = 20 PCTUSED = 40
Insert new row until 80% Can insert new row when below 60%
When Usage is below 40% (61% Free
20% use when Update space), block is listed in FREELIST
Extent
A setof contiguous database blocks within a datafile.
Extent are allocated when.
- The segment is created (INITIAL EXTENT)
- The segments grows (NEXT EXTENT)
- The table is altered to allocate extents.
Extent are de-allocated when the
- The segment is dropped and truncated.
- The segment is larger than optimal and contains free extents
(for rollback segments only)
Each segment is created with at least on extend( initial extent )
( Rollback segment : 2)
ALTER TABLE table_name DEALLOCATE UNUSED
Segment
a set of one or more extents that contains all the data for a specific type of logical storage structu
re within a tablespace
Data Segment
- A collection of extents that holds all of the data for a table or a cluster
Index Segment
- A collection of extents that holds all of the index data for search optimization on large tables an
d clusters
Rollback Segment
- A collection of extents that holds rollback data for rollback, read-consistency, or recovery
Temporary segment
- A collection of extents that holds data belonging to temporary tables created during a sort opera
tion
Bootstrap segment
- An extent that contains dictionary definitions for dictionary tables to be loaded when the datab
ase is opened.
Oracle Client/Server Architecture
NETWORK
Client Server b
Application
Client/Server Server/Server
Server A
Benefit of Client/Server Component
- Database S/W work on Server - Only Server upgrade to increase size
- Minimize network resource - Minimize Client H/W spec
- concurrency, consistency, transparency - concurrency, consistency, transparency
SQL*Net
What is SQL*Net?
- Oracle’s Client/Server middleware product
- transparent connection from client tool to DB ( from on DB to another )
- works across multiple network protocol and operation system
What is TNS?
- Transparent Network Substrate
- Oracle’s Network applications to access the underlying network protocols transparently
- TNS-based application, Oracle Protocol Adapters, Network software like TCP/IP
Configuration File
- TNSNAME.ORA ( Client )
- TNSNAV.ORA ( Client )
- SQLNET.ORA ( Client, Server )
- LISTENER.ORA ( Server )
SQL*Net Configuration
TNSNAME.ORA LISTENER.ORA
info = LISTENER=
(DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=
(ADDRESS=
(PROTOCOL=tcp) (PROTOCOL=tcp)
(HOST=brinfoa01) (HOST=brinfoa01)
(PORT=1521) (PORT=1521)
) )
) )
(CONNECT_DATA= SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID=BRBINFO1) (SID_LIST=
) (SID_DESC=
) (SID_NAME=BRBINFO1)
(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle7/oracle7)
(ENVS='EPC_DISABLED=TRUE')
)
)
SQLNET.ORA STARTUP_WAIT_TIME_LISTENER=0
CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER=0
# SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME = 0 LOG_DIRECTORY_LISTENER=/oracle7/oracle7/network/log
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_S LOG_FILE_LISTENER=listener
ERVICES=(none, beq) TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER=OFF