Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Magnetic train
(maglev)
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Debashisha Jena

Presented By
Kiran Kumar Hota
Roll No # EE200117118
Kiran Kumar Hota
 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

What is Maglev?
Magnetic levitation (maglev) is a relatively new
transportation technology in which non-contacting
vehicles travel safely at speeds of 250 to 300 miles-
per-hour or higher while suspended, guided, and
propelled above a guideway by magnetic fields.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Primary function basis to Maglev

(1) Levitation or Suspension;

(2) Propulsion; and
(3) Guidance.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Suspension System

Two types of suspension system are noted:

1. Levitation by attraction.
2. Levitation by repulsion.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004

Levitation by attraction
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Common knowledge of magnetism shows that

opposite magnetic poles repel each other. This basic
principle is how this type of Maglev train appears to
float closely to the track. In order for the train to
float, there must be two coils. The top coil is
installed in the train and the bottom coil is placed in
the track. Attraction is caused by having the currents
within each of the circuits traveling in the same
direction.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Levitation by repulsion
Common knowledge of magnetism shows that similar
poles of a magnet repel each other. This basic
principle is how this type of Maglev train appears to
float on a cushion of air. In order for the train to float,
there must be two coils. The top coil is placed within
the train and the bottom coil is place on the track. The
current in the top circuit travels in the opposite
direction of the current in the bottom; resulting in
repulsion between two coils.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Two principle means of Levitation

• Electromagnetic suspension (EMS)

• Electrodynamic suspension (EDS)

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Electromagnetic Suspension(EMS)

• It works on the concept that electromagnetic

forces attract to A metal or another electromagnet
when they face each other with the opposing
polarities.
• The Trans rapid system currently used by maglev
in shanghai uses (EMS) principle.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Electrodynamic suspension(EDS)

• It works on the concept of repulsive magnetic

forces when electromagnets face each other with
the same polarities.
• The EDS system uses superconductors cooled
with liquid helium, and it's still in the
experimental stage with many technical
difficulties to be overcome.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Propulsion

• For propulsion and braking of a MagLev, a long

electromagnetic stator is installed underneath both
sides of the guideway facing the train's support
electromagnets, which resemble a motor's rotor.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Varying Maglev Speed

The MagLev's speed can vary from
standstill to full operating speed by simply
adjusting the frequency of the alternating
current. To bring the train to a full stop, the
direction of the travelling field is reversed.
Even during braking, there isn't any
mechanical contact between the stator and
the rotor.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Maglev systems are propelled primarily by one of the

following three options:

1. A synchronous motor in which coils in the guideway are

excited by a three phase winding to produce a traveling wave at
the speed desired; Trans Rapid in Germany employs such a
system.

2. A Linear Induction Motor on the vehicle induces current in

an aluminum sheet on the guideway.

3. A reluctance motor is employed in which active coils on the

vehicle are pulsed at the proper time to realize thrust.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Guidance System
Guidance or steering refers to the sideward forces
that are required to make the vehicle follow the
guideway. The necessary forces are supplied in an
exactly analogous fashion to the suspension
forces, either attractive or repulsive. The same
magnets on board the vehicle, which supply lift,
can be used concurrently for guidance or separate
guidance magnets can be used.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Issues related to Maglev

• No noise caused by wheel rolling or engine
• Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high speed
train traveling at the same speed.
• Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire
hazard.
• Collision is impossible because only sections of
the track are activated as needed.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Disadvantage concerns to
Maglev
• The one problem with this system is that a
power loss will result in loss of levitation.
• Can not continue beyond its track.
• Track is very expensive.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Conclusion
There is much work to be done in the Maglev
industry, but the basic physics argue that this systems
will penetrate the transportation system because of
weight and efficiency over ever present wheel.

Kiran Kumar Hota

 Technical Seminar Presentation – 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Kiran Kumar Hota