Business Programming Lecture Note

MUIT 414: Business Programming
Lecturer
Emmanuel Buabin
BSc (Ghana), MEng (Deggendorf)
• Tel: 0543 233275
• Email: jojobuabin@yahoo.com
Commercial Programming 2
How Good are You? (3 hours)
• Programming Revision
– Expression
– Conditions (Single and Compound)
– Operators (Arithmetic, Logical, Relational)
– Loops (Pre-test Loop, Post-Test Loop)
– Control Structures
• IF, IF…ELSE, IF…ELSE IF…., SWITCH statement
– Data Structures
• Arrays, ArrayList, HashMap etc
• Inheritance, Aggregation, Method
Overloading, Polymorphism, etc
Object Oriented Programming
with JAVA
Basic Concepts of Object
Orientation
• An object has
– state: defined by the set of fields or attributes.
– behavior: defined by the set of methods or operation
that can be applied to the object.
• Class
– A template for creating objects.
– Objects of the same class exhibit the same behavior.
They may have different states.
Objects and Classes
• An object represents an individual entity or thing.
• A class represents a group of objects that exhibit

some common characteristics or behavior.
Classification
• Classes are resulted from classification.
• Examples of classes in real world:
– Students
• Graduate students
– MS students
– Ph.D. students
• Undergraduate students
– BSc/BA/BPharm etc
Objects and Classes
• A class defines a
– self-contained software component that
represents a real world class.
• The design of classes MUST follow the basic

principles of object-orientation:
– modularity
– encapsulation
• Each OBJECT is an instance of a class.
• A class defines the common characteristics of its

instances:
– the behaviors and
– the templates of the fields.
• Each OBJECT has its own state
Organization of Class
• A mechanism to organize classes by
commonalities.
– From subclasses its generalization
– From superclass its specialization
Inheritance
• is-a relation
• Example
– A graduate student is a student
– A Master student is a graduate student
– A Ph.D. student is a graduate student
– An undergraduate student is a student
Class Diagram: Inheritance
Student
GraduateStudent UndergraduateStudent
MasterStudent PhDStudent
Composition
• “has-a” relation
• Example:
• a student has
– has an address (type: Address)
– has a faculty advisor (type: Faculty)
Class Diagram: Composition
Student
Faculty
-name : String *
-gpa : float 1
* 1
Address
-streetAddress : String
-city : String
-state : String
-zipCode : String
Class Declaration
• Class: Attribute and Method declarations
– Class Level: Variables can be used by all
methods in that class
– Method Level: Variables can only be used in
that method declaration
– A method declaration specifies the code that
will be executed when the method is invoked
(or called)
Class Declaration Syntax
[ ClassModifiers ] class ClassName

[ extends SuperClass ]
[ implements interface1,
interface2 ...]
{
ClassMemberDeclarations
}
Class Visibility
• Public
– Accessible everywhere.
– NB: One public class allowed per file
• Default
– Accessible within the current package.
• Other class modifiers:
– abstract
– A class that contains abstract methods cannot be
instantiated
– final
subclasses CANNOT be instantiated.
Field and Method Declaration
[ MethodModifiers ] ReturnType Name ( [ ParameterList ] )
{
//Statements
}
Attributes are
fields
[ FieldModifiers ] DataType
FieldName1 [ = initializer1 ] ,
FieldName2 [ = initializer2 ] ...;
Encapsulation
• external view: for the users of the class, client
view
• internal view: for the developers of the class,
implementer view
• visibility: In short, expose only
– public, constructs which are
– protected, supposed to be exposed to
– the outside world and
package (default),
restrict those which are
– private
meant to be within.
Visibility
publi protecte packag privat
c d e e
The class itself Yes Yes Yes Yes
Classes in the
Yes Yes Yes No
same package
Subclasses in a
Yes Yes No No
different package
Non-subclasses in
a different Yes No No No
package
Example: Employee.java
public class Employee
{ //Beginning of class
private String strFName; //first attribute

private String strLName; //second attribute
public Employee()
{
//empty constructor
}
public String joinNames(String fn, String ln)

{
return fn +” ”+ ln;
}
Example: Employee.java cont’d
public String getFirstName ()
{
return strFName;
}
public String getLastName()

{
return strLName;
}
Example: Employee.java cont’d
public void setFirstName(String fn)
{
strFName = fn;
}
public void setLastName(String ln)
{
strLName = ln;
}
} //end of class Employee
Test Program using Employee
Class
public class Test
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
Employee objEmp = new Employee();
//creating an object using the empty
//constructor
String F_Name=“Kojo”;
String L_Name=“Mensah”;
String fullName;
fullName=objEmp.joinNames(F_Name,L_Name);
System.out.println(fullName);
}
} Output
Commercial Programming
Kojo Mensah 25
Parameterized Constructors
e.g.s ….
Constructors are
public Employee(String fn,String ln)
the first, to be
{
called when
strFName = fn;
object is created
strLName = ln;
}
public Employee(String fn)

{
strFName = fn;
strLName = “Baidoo”;
}
… Commercial Programming 26
Example: Constructors
e.g.s
Employee objEmp1 = new Employee(“Kojo”, “Mensah”);
objEmp1.getFirstName() // Kojo
objEmp1.getLastName() // Mensah
Employee objEmp2 = new Employee(“William”);

objEmp2.getFirstName() // William
objEmp2.getLastName() // Baidoo
Method Overloading
• Two or more methods/constructors with
the same name but different numbers or
different types of parameters:
void methodA(int i)
void methodA(int i, int j)
void methodB(int i)
void methodB(float f)
NB: Pass the right parameters to methods

E.g. Overloaded Methods
• void BankAccount(string b_no)
– Accepts bank number
• void BankAccount(string b_no, string cn)
– Accepts bank number and customer name
• void BankAccount(string b_no, float dep)
– Accepts bank number and deposit amount
Special Methods
• obj1.equals(obj2)
– Same as o1 == o2
• strObj.toString()
– returns a string representation of the state
of the object
• finalize()
– invoked by the Java runtime just before
the object is garbage-collected
Polymorphism
• Making Objects behave in different ways
– Illustrate this with a java program
• See next page for Parameter Passing
Class Assignment
• Write a Java program using the ff
– class
– attributes
– method
– inheritance
– polymorphism
– parameterized constructor
– method (overloaded)
Compulsory Assignment:
Hotel Room Modeling
• Using ideas in inheritance,
polymorphism, Parameterized
constructors, MODEL and IMPLEMENT
the ff rooms
– Executive Room (Air condition, Study &
Office Desk, Wardrobe, Living room,
Jacuzzi, King Size Bed)
– Deluxe Room (Air condition, Wardrobe,
Study Desk )
– Standard Room (Wardrobe)
Testing & Debugging
• Testing is basically a process to detect errors in
the software product
• Errors: In day-to-day life we say whenever

something goes wrong there is an error.
• In Software Concept: Difference between what is
expected out of software and what is being
achieved is ERROR
• Error Tracking Tools
System Analysis & Design 34

Testing Types (2 of them)
• A software product can be tested in 2
ways.
– Black Box Approach: Overall functioning of
the product is tested. Inputs are given and
outputs are checked.
• NB: DOES NOT CARE about the internal

functioning of the product.

Testing Types (2 ) cont’d
• White box Approach:
– Here the internal functioning of the product is
tested.
– Each procedure is tested for its accuracy.
– It is more intensive than black box testing.
– But for the overall product both approaches
are crucial.

Verification & Validation
• Verification is a process to check the
deviation of results from the required ones.
• Validation refers to the process of using
software in a live environment in order to
find errors.
– The feedback from the validation phase
generally produces changes in the software to
deal with bugs and failures that are
uncovered.
– Validation may continue for several months.
Java Documentation
• Documentation Style
– In-source
• @author ‘Emmanuel Buabin’
• @date ‘September 1, 2010’
• Etc
– Comment
• Documentation Generation Tools
– JAVA: Javadoc

Hotel Reservation System
• Using a Data structure of your choice
and OOP ideas, write a sample Java
Program to perform the following
business processes
– Add Booking
– Update Booking
– Delete Booking
– Book Listings
Java Database Connectivity
(JDBC)
Java DataBase Connectivity
• Java Database Connectivity
• Steps:
1. Load a JDBC driver
2. Open a connection to a data base
3. Send queries or update statements to DB
4. Process the results
5. Close connection
Example:
BuildUserDB_Access.java
import java.sql.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class BuildUserDB_Access {
public static final String database =
"Access 2000";
public static final String jdbcDriver =
"sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver";
public static final String dataSource =
"jdbc:odbc:";
public static void main(String args[]) {

String dbName = "Users";
String tableName = "UserPass";
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
Example:
try
{
Class.forName(jdbcDriver);
} catch(ClassNotFoundException e)
{
System.exit(1);
}
try {
String url = dataSource + dbName;
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
stmt = conn.createStatement();
} catch (SQLException se) {
System.exit(1);
}
Example:
try {
String dropString = "DROP TABLE " +
tableName;
stmt.executeUpdate(dropString);
} catch (SQLException se) {}
try {
String createString =
"CREATE TABLE " + tableName +
" (username VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL PRiMARY
KEY," +
" password VARCHAR(128))";
stmt.executeUpdate(createString);
Example:
String insertString =
"iNSERT iNTO " + tableName +
" VALUES ('Scott McNealy', 'lavender')";
stmt.executeUpdate(insertString);
insertString =
" VALUES ('Steve Jobs', 'aqua')";
insertString =
" VALUES ('Bill Gates', 'blue')";
Example:
ResultSet rset =
stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM " +
tableName);
while( rset.next() )
{
System.out.println(rset.getString("username") +
":" + rset.getString("password"));
}
stmt.close();
rset.close();
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException se) {}
}
}
The UserPass Table
username password
Bill Gates blue
Scott McNealy lavender
Steve Jobs aqua
Introduction to
HyperText Markup Language
(HTML Basics)
HTML (cont’d)
• Structure of HTML page
– <html>
• <head><title> </title></head>
• <Body></Body>
– </html>
• Heading styles
– H1, H2, H3, H4 etc
• Paragraph tag
– <P>, 2 of <br>
HTML (cont’d)
• Lists
– Unordered List (UL),
– Ordered List (OL)
• Horizontal rule
– (HR)
• Font Coloring
HTML (cont’d)
• Tables
– <table>
• <tr>
– <td>Cell 1</td><td>Cell 2</td>
• </tr>
• ….
– </table>
HTML (cont’d)
• Forms (Link “Submit” to other pages)
• Hypertext Anchors (A)
• Link to Web-pages (HREF)
• others
Class Assignment
• Create an HTML page in
Java Server Faces
(JSF)
(tutorial will be given during “Labs”)
Tools to be used
• Eclipse IDE
• Dreamweaver
Online Hotel Booking System
• Using JSF/JSP and JDBC ideas, upgrade
the Hotel Reservation System to an Online
Application
END of LECTURE

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MUIT 414: Business Programming

• A class represents a group of objects that exhibit

• The design of classes MUST follow the basic

• A class defines the common characteristics of its

• Each OBJECT has its own state

– From subclasses its generalization

– From superclass its specialization

[ ClassModifiers ] class ClassName

private String strFName; //first attribute

public String joinNames(String fn, String ln)

public String getLastName()

} //end of class Employee

public Employee(String fn)

Employee objEmp2 = new Employee(“William”);

NB: Pass the right parameters to methods

• See next page for Parameter Passing

• Errors: In day-to-day life we say whenever

System Analysis & Design 34

• NB: DOES NOT CARE about the internal

System Analysis & Design 35

System Analysis & Design 36

System Analysis & Design 38

public static void main(String args[]) {

Scott McNealy lavender

Steve Jobs aqua

• Hypertext Anchors (A)

• Link to Web-pages (HREF)

(tutorial will be given during “Labs”)

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