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Classification:
. Rectifying diode.
. High Conductance Fast Diode (schottky).
. Zener diode.
. LED
-Rectifier
Logic circuits
Master/ slave power supply
http://www.indiabix.com/electronics-circuits/
The datasheet.
Tips:
An Operational amplifier ("op-amp")
is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic
voltage amplifier with a differential
input and, usually, a single-ended
output. An op-amp produces an
output voltage that is typically
hundreds of thousands times larger
than the voltage difference between
its input terminals.
(wikipedia.org)
Amplifier
Understanding:
- Open loop gain
- Closed loop gain
- Saturation/ Linear Region
- Negative Feedback
- Zin
- Zout
Tips:
Saturation: bão hòa
Linear: tuyến tính
Feedback: hồi tiếp.
Open-Loop Gain (opamp)
The open-loop gain can change due to output Vo= Aopen-loop * (V+ - V-)
voltage levels and loading
Tips:
Voltage Gain (dB) = 20.lg(Vout / Vin)
LM324 with 100 dB open DC loop gain
Applications:
Feedback Resistor
Closed-Loop Gain (cont)
Tips:
Null detector:
mạch phát hiện
mức 0
Fulcrum (real ground)
(Av) = 2
Vin>0
The lever (cont)
Vin < 0
Fulcrum
Fulcrum is a vitural
ground.
What is a Vitural
ground???
Tips:
|Vo| < |Vi|
conclusions
Description:….
offset voltage:
- This voltage, which is
what is required across the
op-amp's input terminals to
drive the output voltage to
zero.
-It is usually something
caused by the Opamp's
internal
imbalance/mismatch. and
could range from mV to uV.