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Kaizen is a Japanese word which
means continuous and never- never-ending
improvement involving everyone in an
organization.. The important massage of
organization
Kaizen is that not a single day should go
without some kind of improvement being
made somewhere in an organization.
organization. The
Kaizen umbrella includes all such terms
aimed at improving labour-
labour-management
relations, marketing practices, supplier
relations, in-
in-house systems and
procedures..
procedures
 The programme can be broadly
divided into three parts:

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manager must constantly try to
improve his job through teams, task
forces and committee assignments.
Managers must attempt to handle
complete tasks and improve problem
solving abilities.
‡ 
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 $ Through
quality circles, other small group
activities and statistical tools team
members identify problem areas and
the causes. An attempt is made to
implement and test new measures,
evolve new procedures and set new
standards.
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 Õn Japan, Kaizen is used as a problem-
problem-solving
technique through quality circles and small group
activities. Seven basic quality control tools are employed
for solving problems. Muda (waste), Muri (strain) and
Mura (discrepancy) are the basic checkpoints used which
help workers and management in improving quality
throughout an organization. The movement includes 5
steps for keeping the work spot clean, maintain discipline,
put things in order and help strengthen up tools and
equipments. 5 Ws (who, what, where, when, why) and 1H
(How) are also used to search, analyze and solve
problems in Kaizen. Besiders 4Ms (Man, Machine,
Material, Method), the basic resources of productions are
used to tackle quality related issues. The Basic principle
behind the Kaizen philosophy µ%&
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 Õt focuses on total cost (capital + revenue
cost) over the product¶s life include marketing,
distribution, administration and after sale service
costs.. The terms µcradle to grave¶ and µwomb to
costs
tomb¶ are the different terms which are used in
the context of life life--cycle costing to convey the
attempt to capture fully alls costs associated with
the product during life life--cycle span
span.. Õn other
words, life life--cycle costing is a technique, which
takes account of total cost of owning physical
asset or making a product during its economic
life..
life
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|ife-cycle costing is

 to the company as

  it provides important information for price decisions

( it helps to manager to develop insight and plan so that
it is possible to generate revenue from the product
which covers costs relating to all categories.
  it broadens the perspective of manager because
complete life-cycle relating to the product is kept in
view
  it is immensely used in capital budgeting decisions,
because it considers capital costs and revenue costs relating
to the product/project over its life span.

The concept is significantly different from conventional

practices, which expense many costs in the current period
rather than match them to future products.