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´Science and Technology Studies (STS) is a broad, 
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interdisciplinary, and rapidly growing field that explores the
relationship between science, technology and the ways they
shape society and our understanding of the world.´ !
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A Philosopher's Call to End All Paradigms

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³An intellectual movement of broad cross-disciplinary provenance that attempts to &

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reconstruct the problems of epistemology once knowledge is regarded as intrinsically
social. It is often seen as philosophical science policy or the normative wing of science   
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studies. Originating in studies of academic knowledge production, social epistemology
has begun to encompass knowledge in multicultural and public settings, as well as the
conversion of knowledge to information technology and intellectual property.´
-- Steve Fuller

 iClassical epistemology, philosophy of science and sociology of knowledge have

presupposed an idealized conception of scientific inquiry that is unsupported by the
social history of scientific practices;´
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2. ³Nevertheless, one still needs to articulate normatively appropriate ends and means
for science, given science's status as the exemplar of rationality for society at large.´
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³The question for social epistemologists, then, is whether science's actual conduct is
worthy of its exalted social status and what political implications follow from one's
answer. Those who say "yes" assume that science is on the right track and offer
guidance on whom people should believe from among competing experts, whereas
those who say "no" address the more fundamental issue of determining the sort of http://onlyagame.typepad.com/only_a_game/philosophy/index.html
knowledge that people need and the conditions under which it ought to be produced Theories, Models and Predictive Hypotheses
and distributed.´ www.warwick.ac.uk/~sysdt/socialepist.html http://philosophy.wisc.edu/forster/papers/Kuhn/Kuhn.htm
Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation. - book reviews
Art in America, May, 1995 by Brian Wallis


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 02340 22450
26474550
(W.J.T.) ³Mitchell, who has a fondness for inventing terms, calls this
"Chemical Industry, Upheld by Pure Science, postmodern phenomenon "the pictorial turn" (in contrast to philosopher
Sustains the Production of Man's Necessities" Richard Rorty's phrase, "the linguistic turn"). Mitchell defines the pictorial
Frontispiece (New York, 1937) turn as:´

³«a postlinguistic, postsemiotic rediscovery of the picture as a complex

interplay between visuality, apparatus, institutions, discourse, bodies, and
figurality. It is the realization that spectatorship (the look, the gaze, the
glance, the practices of observation, surveillance, and visual pleasure) may be
as deep a problem as various forms of reading (decipherment, decoding,
interpretation, etc.) and that  
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Jastrow (1899) ³Duck-Rabbit´ (not Wittgenstein or Kuhn¶s)
http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~kihlstrm/JastrowDuck.htm
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