Einstein

w

 


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uÚ
ert Einstein is
rn t Hermann Einstein a
sa esman and engineer and his wife Pau ine in U m,
Germany.
uResidences Germany, Ita y, Switzer and, and USÚ.
uEthnicity Úshkenazi Jewish
u Knwn fr Genera re ativity, Specia re ativity,
Phte ectric effect ,Brwnian mtin, Mass-energy
equiva ence, Einstein fie d equatins, Unified Fie d
Thery, Bse±Einstein statistics
?

uÚ thugh Jewish, Ú
ert Einstein attended a
Cath ic Sch .
uÚ thugh Einstein had ear y speech
difficu ties (he ften said he used t repeat his
wn sentences), he was a tp student in
e ementary sch .
uEinstein fami y mved t Ita y, Einstein had

een eft
ehind t finish high sch ,
ut he
withdrew t jin his fami y .
uRather than cmp eting high sch , Einstein
decided t app y direct y t the ETH Zurich,
the Swiss Federa Institute f Techn gy in
Zürich which he did nt get int .
uHis fami y sent him away t finish secndary
sch .
uIn 1901, the year he gained his dip ma.
uIn 1905 he 
tained his dctr's degree.
uEinstein and Mi eva had three
chi dren: a daughter
rn
efre
their marriage and tw sns.
uEinstein never met his daughter
Lieser and, thugh there is n
fficia recrd f her, it is
e ieved
she died
efre the age f tw.
uTheir first sn, Hans Ú
ert,
studied engineering in Zurich and
ater mved t the United States
with his wife and chi dren.
uTheir secnd sn, Eduard, spent
mst f his adu t ife
institutina ized with u?

 



schizphrenia 
  

uÚ
ert and Marić divrced n 14
  
  
Fe
ruary 1919. u  ?


u Einstein married E sa 
 

Löwentha , wh had nursed him ?


 

thrugh an i ness. 

 Befre Einstein n ne rea y
understd hw ight rea y wrked.
It was a wave, partice s,quanta n
ne rea y new. Light did nt f w
Newtnians physics. In 1905 Einstein
put ut a paper that dec ared ight,
trave s as
th a wave and as
partic es ca ed quanta, mst y

ecause it has t.
 The Einstein fie d equatins are a
set f ten equatins in Einstein's
thery f genera re ativity in which
the fundamenta frce f gravitatin is
descri
ed as a curved space time
caused
y matter and energy. They
were first pu
ished in 1915. The
Einstein fie d equatins are used t
determine the curvature f space time
resu ting frm the presence f mass
and energy. That is, they determine the
metric tensr f space time fr a given
arrangement f stress-energy in the
space time.
 First Part: Specia re ativity

The Thery f Re ativity as tw parts. First part specia re ativity secnd part genera
re ativity. Specia re ativity is
ased n tw pstu ates .
1. The aws f physics are the same fr a 
servers in unifrm mtin re ative t ne
anther .
2. The speed f ight in a vacuum is the same fr a 
servers, regard ess f their
re ative mtin r f the mtin f the surce f the ight.
The resu tant thery has many surprising cnsequences. Sme f these are:
u Time di atin: Mving c cks are measured t tick mre s w y than an 
server's
"statinary" c ck.
u Length cntractin: O
jects are measured t
e shrtened in the directin that they
are mving with respect t the 
server.
u Re ativity f simu taneity: Tw events that are simu taneus t an 
server Ú may
nt
e simu taneus t an 
server B if B is mving
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 Brwnian mtin is the
seeming y randm mvement f
partic es suspended in a iquid
r gas r the mathematica
mde used t descri
e such
randm mvements, ften
ca ed a partic e thery.
Examined m ecu ar actin
that supprted the Útmic
Thery.
6 The phte ectric effect is a
phenmenn in which
e ectrns are emitted frm
matter after the a
srptin
f energy frm
e ectrmagnetic radiatin
such as x-rays r visi
e
ight. Einstein hypthesized
that the num
er f
e ectrns re eased wu d
nt depend n that ight's
energy. Cnfirming his
hypthesis thrugh severa
experiments, Einstein wn
the N
e Prize f 1921 fr
his wrks in his fie d.

Úccrding t Linus Pau ing, Einstein ater
e pressed regret a
ut his etter t Rseve t.
In 19 7, Einstein wrte an artic e fr x

 
Cncerned scientists, many f
them refugees frm Eurpean anti-
Semitism in the U.S., recgnized the
danger f German scientists
deve ping an atmic
m

ased
n the new y discvered phenmena
f nuc ear fissin. In 1939, the
Hungarian émigré Leó Szi rd,
having fai ed t aruse U.S.
gvernment interest n his wn,
wrked with Einstein t write a
etter t U.S. President Frank in
De an Rseve t, which Einstein
signed, urging U.S. deve pment f
such a weapn. In Úugust 1939,
  arguing that the United Rseve t received the Einstein-
States shu d nt try t pursue an atmic Szi rd etter and authrized secret
mnp y, and instead shu d e uip the research int the harnessing f
United atins with nuc ear weapns fr the nuc ear fissin fr mi itary
s e purpse f maintaining deterrence. purpses.Einstein frmu a E=MC²
was key in the United States
deve ping the atmic
m
.
 The Einstein refrigeratr is an a
srptin
refrigeratr which has n mving parts and
requires n y a heat surce t perate. It was
jint y invented in 1926
y Ú
ert Einstein
and his frmer student Leó Szi rd. The tw
were mtivated
y cntemprary newspaper
reprts f a Ber in fami y wh had
een ki ed
when a sea in their refrigeratr
rke and
eaked txic fumes int their hme. Present
day there's a prject t deve p mre r
ust
app iances that cu d
e used in ca es
acking e ectricity.
 Einstein received the 1921 N
e Prize in Physics
quantum thery f ight, "Generatin and Cnversin f
Light with Regard t a Heuristic Pint f View," fr
which he was awarded the N
e Prize fr Physics in
1921 was pu
ished. The paper dea t with the
phte ectric effect and pstu ated that ight smetimes
acts ike a stream f partic es with discrete energies, r
quanta.
     


 
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u Ú partia ist f his memria s:
u The Internatina Unin f Pure and Úpp ied Physics named 2005 the
"Wr d Year f Physics" in cmmemratin f the 100th anniversary f the
pu
icatin f the Únnus Mira
i is Papers.
u The Ú
ert Einstein Institute
u The Ú
ert Einstein Memria
y R
ert Berks
u Ú unit used in phtchemistry, the Einstein
u The chemica e ement 99, einsteinium
u The asterid 2001 Einstein
u The Ú
ert Einstein Úward
u The Ú
ert Einstein Peace Prize
u In 1990, his name was added t the Wa ha a temp e.
u Barnard Meda f C um
ia University in 1920
u Cp ey Meda f Rya Sciety in 1925
u Max P anck Meda f German Physica Sciety in 1929
u G d Meda f Rya Ústrnmica in 1926
u True re igin is rea iving; iving with a ne's su , with a ne's gdness
and righteusness.
u Things shu d
e made as simp e as pssi
e,
ut nt any simp er.
u The truth f a thery is in yur mind, nt in yur eyes.
u Tw things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm nt sure
a
ut the universe.
u On y a ife ived fr thers is a ife wrth whi e.
u If Ú is a success in ife, then Ú equa s x p us y p us z. Wrk is x; y is p ay; and
z is keeping yur muth shut.
u I knw nt with what weapns Wr d War III wi
e fught,
ut Wr d War
IV wi
e fught with sticks and stnes.
u If I had my ife t ive ver again, I¶d
e a p um
er.
u The hardest thing in the wr d t understand is the incme tax.
u If yu can't exp ain it simp y yu dn't understand it we enugh.
 On 1 Úpri 1955, Ú
ert Einstein
experienced interna
eeding caused
y the
rupture f an artic aneurysm. He tk a draft f a
speech he was preparing fr a te evisin
appearance cmmemrating the State f Israe 's
seventh anniversary with him t the hspita ,
ut
he did nt ive ng enugh t cmp ete it. He died
in Princetn Hspita ear y the next mrning at the
age f 6. Einstein's remains were cremated and
his ashes were scattered. Einstein's ast wrds wi
never
e knwn as he said them in German and the
attending nurse cu d nt speak German . Befre
the crematin, Princetn Hspita path gist
Thmas St tz Harvey remved Einstein's
rain
fr preservatin, withut the permissin f his
fami y, in hpe that the neurscience f the future
wu d
e a
e t discver what made Einstein s
inte igent.