Presentation on the

topic
Safety material

Submitted by:-
Nitika Raghave,
Madhu Rana,
Neeru
Learning Objectives

 Understand that all chemicals present possible

hazards.
 Understand that safe storage is an important issue.
 Understand that many chemical injuries result from
improper storage.
 Know that employees have rights and
responsibilities when working with chemicals.
 Know basic rules of chemical safety.
 Be aware of the categories of dangerous chemicals
and appropriate safety precautions.
Chemicals – Helpful and Harmful
Basic Rules of Chemical Safety

Be Aware!
Be Alert!
Be Alive!
Basic Rules of Chemical Safety

Rule #1
Don’t buy or store chemicals
you do not need.
Rule #2
Store chemicals in their
original container.
Basic Rules of Chemical Safety

Rule #2
Store chemicals in their original
container.
• The original container was designed to hold the chemical
without degrading.
• The original container will have an accurate label.
• Serious injury can result when people try to identify
chemicals with missing or uncertain labels by smelling,
tasting or touching.
Basic Rules of Chemical Safety

Rule #3
Always wear appropriate
safety gear and work in a
safe environment.
Rule #4
Always dispose of chemicals
safely.
“Safe” Storage and Causes of Injury

Poor storage practices can cause injury:

1. Improper and non-existent labeling of

chemicals in storage.

2. Storage of chemicals beyond the

recommended shelf life.

3. Degradation of chemical storage containers.

“Safe” Storage and Causes of Injury

Principle modes of chemical injury:

1. Chemical Burns (strong acids, strong bases)
2. Heat Burns (flammable materials)
3. Poisoning (many chemicals are damaging or fatal if
taken internally, whether by swallowing, injection, or
leaching through skin)
4. Chronic illness (long-term exposure to even low doses
of certain chemical agents can lead to chronic health
conditions)
“Safe” Storage and Causes of Injury

Learn good habits for working with

chemicals from the beginning and
practice these habits every day.
Right-to-Know
Right-to-Know laws mandate that employers:
 Inform employees about toxic chemicals they
might be exposed to in their workplace.
 Provide training about safe handling practices and
emergency procedures.
 Maintain MSDS for immediate access in the
workplace/job site.
Chemical Categories
Chemical Categories

1. Acids
2. Bases
3. Flammable
4. Oxidizers
5. Pyrophoric Substances
6. Carcinogens
Chemical Categories

Acids
Chemical Categories: Acids

Some pointers for safe storage of strong acids:

 Store large bottles of acids on low shelf or in acid
cabinets.
 use oxidizing acids from organic acids, flammables and
combustible materials.
 use acids away from bases and active metals such as
sodium, potassium, etc.
 Use bottle carrier for transporting acid bottles.
 Have spill control pillows or acid neutralizers available in
case of spill.
Chemical Categories

Bases
Chemical Categories: Bases

Some pointers for safe storage of strong bases:

 Store bases and acids separate from one
another.
 Store solutions of inorganic hydroxides in
polyethylene containers.
 Have spill control pillows or caustic neutralizers
available for spills.
Chemical Categories: Bases

Examples of strong bases:

Ammonium Hydroxide
Calcium Hydroxide
Bicarbonates
Potassium Hydroxide
Carbonates
Sodium Hydroxide
Chemical Categories

Flammable Chemicals
Chemical Categories: Flammable

Some pointers for storage of flammable materials:

 Store in approved safety cans or cabinets.
 Keep away from any source of ignition: flames,
heat or sparks.
 Know where fire fighting equipment is stored and
how to use.
 If volatile flammable liquids are stored in a
refrigerator it must be in an explosion-proof (lab-
safe) refrigerator.
Chemical Categories: Flammable

Examples of flammable chemicals:

Flammable Solids Flammable Gases

Benzoyl peroxide Acetylene
Phosphorus (yellow) Ethylene Oxide
Calcium Carbide Butane
Picric Acids Hydrogen
Ethane
Propane
Ethylene
Chemical Categories

Oxidizers
Chemical Categories: Oxidizers

Some examples of oxidizers:

 Store in a cool, dry place.

 Keep away from flammable and combustible
materials, such as paper or wood.
 Keep away from reducing agents such as
zinc, alkaline metals, formic acid.
Chemical Categories: Oxidizers

Examples of oxidizers:
Ammonium Dichromate
Nitrates
Ammonium Perchlorate
Periodic Acid
Ammonium Persulfate
Permanganic Acid
Benzoyl Peroxide
Chemical Categories

Pyrophoric Substances
Chemical Categories: Pyrophoric Substances

Safety pointers for pyrophoric substances:

 Store in a cool place.
 Store in containers that omit air.
 Beware of low humidity circumstances in which
static electricity may be high.
 Keep it always that places where having
EXHAUST FAN.
Chemical Categories: Pyrophoric Substances

Some examples of pyrophoric substances:

Boron
Cadmium
Calcium
Phosphorus (yellow)
2-Furaldehyde
Chemical Categories

Carcinogens
Chemical Categories: Carcinogens

Safe storage pointers for carcinogens:

 Label all containers as Cancer Suspect
Agents.
 Store according to hazardous nature of
chemicals, e.g., flammable, corrosive.
 When necessary, store securely.
Chemical Categories: Carcinogens

Some examples of carcinogens:

Antimony compounds
Acrylonitrile
Arsenic compounds
Benzene
Chloroform
Dimethyl sulfate
Dioxane
Vinyl chloride
Safety measures in the use of
chemicals at work
(a) ensuring that all chemicals for use at work, including impurities, by-products
and intermediates, and wastes that may be formed, are evaluated to
determine their hazards;
(b) ensuring that employers are provided with a mechanism for obtaining from
their suppliers information about the chemicals used at work to enable them
to implement effective programmes to protect workers from chemical
hazards;
(c) providing workers with information about the chemicals at their workplaces
and about appropriate preventive measures to enable them to participate
effectively in safety programmes;
(d) establishing principles for such programmes to ensure that chemicals are
used safely;
(e) making special provision to protect confidential information whose
disclosure to a competitor would be liable to cause harm to an employer's
business so long as the safety and health of workers are not compromised
thereby.
FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
 Use Special fire fighting procedures
 Do not direct a solid stream of water or foam into hot,
burning pools: this may cause frothing and increase fire
intensity.
 Use Special protective equipment for firefighters
 Self-contained breathing apparatus. Body covering
protective clothing.
FIRST AID MEASURES
 Swallowing
If patient is fully conscious, give two glasses of water. Obtain medical attention
immediately.

 Skin
Wash skin with soap and water. Obtain medical attention if irritation persists.

 Inhalation
Remove to fresh air if aerosol spray is inhaled. If breathing is difficult, administer
oxygen. Obtain medical attention immediately.

 Eye contact
Immediately flush eyes with water and continue washing for at least 15 minutes.
Obtain medical attention immediately.
PROTECTIVE MEASURES
1. Elimination/Substitution
Ideally, the toxic substance used or generated should be eliminated. Since this
is not always possible, substituting a less hazardous substance can often be
effective in reducing work exposure to toxic substances.
eg. Is it necessary to use benzene for cleaning; usually, 1,1,1-trichloroethane
will do the job just as well.

2. Engineering Controls
a. Isolation
Hazardous processes or equipment can be segregated into separate rooms or
areas or put in enclosures so as not to contaminate the whole workplace.
eg. Operator booths are common in crusher operations (extremely dusty
environments), crane cabs in hazardous areas, etc.
b. Design or Change of Process
Often simple considerations can significantly improve conditions.
eg. packaging of exact amounts of material to add to a process rather than
pouring, pumping, scooping, etc. from a bulk supply
eg. grouping of hazardous operations for better control.
c. Local Suppression
Wetting or pelletizing of dusty materials or blanketing of toxic liquids.
eg. Use of damp mopping in contaminated, dusty areas
eg. Use of plastic balls or surface active agents in liquid tanks such as
plating tanks.
d. Ventilation
Ventilation is used to control airborne hazards in the form of dusts, fibres,
mists, fumes, gases, and vapours. The two methods of applying ventilation
to provide contaminant control are:- general dilution ventilation and local
exhaust.
Dilution Ventilation - dilution of contaminated air with uncontaminated air in a
general area, room, or building for the purpose of health hazard, nuisance
control, and/or heating and cooling.
Local exhaust - involves the capture of pollutants at the source.
Air movement is achieved by either natural or mechanical methods such as
fans, and the choice or type of ventilation depends on such factors as:

•Toxicity or nuisance of the contaminant

•Method and rate of generation
•Physical state of the contaminant
•Relative costs of different types of
ventilation.
3. Work Practices and Hygiene Practices
Work practices, procedures and hygiene practices supplement engineering
controls. These practices represent on the job activities that reduce the
potential for exposure to toxic substances and include:-
Posting warning signs and labelling hazardous materials
Preventive maintenance of equipment.
Keeping records of employee exposure and making them available to
employees.
Providing emergency facilities, such as eyewash fountains and deluge
showers, where appropriate.
 Prohibiting eating, drinking or smoking in areas where materials in
use are toxic by ingestion or may be inhaled through smoking.
Maintaining good housekeeping - good housekeeping provides for
the removal of hazardous materials that might otherwise become
airborne. In addition, a clean workplace tends to foster good work
habits that probably reduce accumulations.
Maintaining personal Cleanliness - clean work clothes, regular
showers and frequent washing will reduce skin contamination that
may lead to skin absorption, dermatitis or ingestion. A further
consideration for personel cleanliness is the possibility of an
individual carrying toxic material home on work clothes or on the
person and in turn placing the family at risk.
Training - Individuals should be well aware of the hazards of the
materials being used and the precautions to be observed. An
informed worker can make a rational decision to accept such work
and to wisely use the equipment provided for his protection.

4. Personal Protective Devices

These include protective glasses and goggles, face shields,
protective clothing (laboratory coats and gloves), skin creams, and
respirators. It should be noted that respirators in particular, are not
intended to be used as a primary means of control in lieu of other
methods.
Two essential elements of protective equipment use are:-
 The choice of the proper type.
For example, when choosing respirators and hearing protectors,
the factors to be considered include:-
type of hazard
extent of exposure
individual preference
individual fit
ease of supervision
legislative requirements

 The provision of an adequate maintenance program for the

equipment.
 A maintenance program for the equipment must be in the care of a
qualified person and will include, at regular intervals:-
a) Inspection and Repair - All parts should be checked to be certain
that materials have not deteriorated, valves are working, etc. As
necessary, equipment must be replaced or repaired. With
respirators, new filters or cartridges must be made available to
workers at all times. With self contained breathing apparatus
cylinders must recharged and all mechanisms checked.
b) Cleaning - Equipment must be cleaned, sterilized and dried after
each use. While it is preferable for workers to have their own
personal equipment, because of cost and other considerations,
particularly with self-contained air supplied units sharing may be
necessary. In such cases cleaning and sterilizing becomes very
important.

c) Storage - Equipment should be stored in clean, dry locations

protected against extremes of temperature, humidity and sunlight.

5. Other Safe Practices and Emergency Provisions

a) Leak and Chemical Spill Procedure
Prompt action is necessary to reduce and eliminate hazards created
by a chemical spill.
Wear proper personal protective equipment (e.g. gloves,
respirators) as specified in the MSDS.
Absorb or neutralize liquids.
Sweep solids into a container.
Ventilate area to dispel vapours if required.
Wash affected area with soap and water or detergent.
All materials used in cleanup, including absorbed liquids are to be
disposed as hazardous waste. Label waste appropriately.
 If proper equipment is not available to safely contain and decontaminate a
spill-evacuate the area and contact the appropriate personnel.

b) Waste Disposal
The disposal of hazardous chemicals is regulated by Ontario environmental
legislation. Generators of hazardous wastes are responsible for properly
packaging and labelling such wastes.

c) Storage Requirements
The hazard potential presented by flammable, reactive and toxic substances
can also be reduced by adherence to safe storage procedures.
Quantities of these substances should be kept to a minimum.
All containers must be labelled with the names of the contents and appropriate
hazard warnings
In laboratories or stockrooms, care should be taken to avoid exposure of
chemicals to heat or direct sunlight.
Always observe precautions regarding the proximity of incompatible substances
(e.g. do not store alphabetically - store in compatible groups).
Highly toxic chemicals should be stored in ventilated storage areas in
unbreakable chemically resistant secondary containers.
Properly labelled portable safety cans should be used for handling small
quantities of flammable liquids. When not in use these portable cans should be
kept in enclosed fire-resistant cabinets. Larger quantities of solvents should be
stored in correctly designed ventilated stores.