SEMCOG

Energy Efficiency Seminar

Considerations When Pursuing Energy

Efficient Projects
November 6, 2009

Manny Pervolarakis, CEM

Principal Supervisor- Energy Partnership

DTE Energy
 -David R. Brower (1912 – 2000)

“We may find that, while we're drastically cutting our

energy consumption, we're actually raising our
standard of living.”

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 2

 Agenda

• Energy Conservation Opportunity

(ECOs) Identification
• Value of an Energy Audit
• Prioritizing ECOs
• New Technology Assessment

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 Where Do I Begin?

• Where Do I Begin?

Energy Bills
$$$

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 4

 Project Identification

• How do I identify energy projects (Energy Conservation

Opportunities- ECOs)?

• How do I prioritize energy projects?

– Cost?
– Savings?
– New Technologies?

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How to identify Energy
Conservation Opportunities- ECOs
• Have an Energy Audit completed
– Preliminary Energy Assessment
– Detailed Energy Audit

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 How to identify Energy
Conservation Opportunities- ECOs

• Do it yourself

• Assemble a Team

• Hire an outside Energy Auditor

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 Determine Scope of Work
The Facility and Equipment
• Retail
– Lighting, small HVAC, small office equipment
• Grocery/C-Stores
– Refrigeration, small-med HVAC, Lighting, small equipment
• Warehouse/Distribution
– Large Refrigeration, medium HVAC, Lighting, Fork trucks
• Restaurant/Food Service
– Food prep, small HVAC, Lighting, Dishwashing,
• Hotel/Hospitality/ Recreation Centers
– Small to large HVAC, Lighting, Food Service, Laundry, Pools
• Government/Office Buildings/Banking
– Small to large HVAC, Lighting, office equipment
• Industrial Process
– Substantial variation in process equipment based on product;
thermal processes, large motors, complex systems

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 8

 Gather Data

• Utility Usage History

– 12 to 36 months monthly energy usage – in
Units and Dollars – both Gas and Electric
– Chart in Spreadsheet; look for abnormalities
– Review Actual Bill
• Check correct Tariff
• Billing Factor
• Sales Tax
• Billing Name and Address
– Start reading your meter(s) frequently and
track

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 9

 The Facility Walkthrough / Inspection

•Gather detailed data on the following systems:

• Billing Data

• Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

• Building envelope (incl. Thermographic Analysis)

• Boiler and steam distribution.

• Electrical Systems.

• Motors.

• Lighting.

• Process Equipment.

• Air Compressors.
November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 10
 Get the Big Picture

• What are the physical boundaries of the space

being looked at? (outside –v- inside common walls)

• Is there more than one meter?

• How is the space used/occupancy schedule

• Who/How controls temp, lighting, set-backs

• What equipment is used differently during different

production schedules (max –v- average demand)

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 11

 Gather Data – what to collect

• HVAC –
– type, size, age, condition, how controlled

• Lighting –
– type, fixture type, quantity, variation

• Equipment –
– what it is, input demand, operation schedule

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 Gas and Electric Meters

• Confirm Meter Numbers and Billing Factors

– Be sure that the billing information is correct and billing the
correct space/account

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 Gather Data – a few details

• Look for evidence of things

broken

– Most facilities have taken

Energy Management Action
long ago, but installation once
does NOT mean it will always
be working

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 General Maintenance

• Look for things in poor condition or not taken care of

– Even good equipment fails when not maintained

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 15

 Age versus Condition

• Look for old things that should be replaced

– Focus on improved
Efficiency, not just
because they are old

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 Improper or Poor Installations

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 17

 Space Heating

• What type of system(s) does the facility have?

• Is there a more efficient system?
• Is replacement economical?

November 618, 2009 Energy Seminar 18

 Space Cooling

• Small tonnage, air cooled, LEAST efficient type

• Expensive to replace, but, more expensive to
operate less-efficient equipment

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Energy Saving Opportunities

• Boiler Systems • HVAC Controls

Condensate Return Shut down equipment
Make-up systems Economizer (free cooling)
Blow downs Space temperatures and exhaust

• Compressed air systems Upgrade

• Steam Optimization Controls to eliminate blow-offs
Steam traps System pressure
Condensate return stations Air leaks
Steam Leaks

•Building Envelope
Insulation
Windows/ Doors
Roofs

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 20

Energy Saving Opportunities

•Lighting Systems Upgrade •Facility Utility Tracking, Measuring

Fluorescent, including task & Trending
lighting Electrical
High Intensity Discharge HID Natural Gas
lamp & fixtures Water
Monitoring for lighting, HVAC, Process
Controls (sensors or programmable
Equipment, Compressed Air etc.
panels)
•Energy Conservation Programs
•HVAC Upgrades •Weekend and Holiday Shutdowns
Controls for more efficient
Demand limiting (manual or automatic)
operation
Employee Incentives Programs
Air conditioned leakage
Refrigerant lines
VFD

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 21

 Lighting Retrofit Opportunities

• Incandescent to compact fluorescent

• T-12 Fluorescent to T-8 Fluorescent
• HID to T-8 or T-5 Fluorescent (warehouse, garage)
• HID (MV, LPS) to HID (HPS, MH)
• LED Exit Signs
• LED down-lighting, spot-lighting, room-lighting, wall-washing,
exterior parking lot and street lighting

22
November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar
Building Envelope

All the components of

the building envelope
need to work together
to keep a building
warm in the winter and
cool in the summer.

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Energy Seminar
Example - Check List

Envelope Space HVAC

Equipments
Insulation & lights For heating hot water: balancing, modular
schedule boiler, boiler economizer
Thermostat For steam: condensate trap maintenance,
Infiltration modular boiler, boiler economizer
settings
For chilled water: balancing
Door openings CO2 sensors
For air cooled: condenser surface
Windows
Occupancy condition
frames &
sensors For air system: exhaust fan schedule,
shading
economizer proper operation, diffusers &
Negative registers are not blocked, ductwork is
pressure in the Timers cleaned.
building

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 24

 Energy Conservation Programs
- Compressed Air Leaks

24Hr/Day-100 PSI -$.09/kWh

1/16 inch $750

1/8 inch $3,000
1/4 inch $12,000
3/8 inch $27,000
1/2 inch $48,000
1/4 Inch-$12,000
1/8 Inch-$3,000
Drop 2 PSI and save 1%
energy cost.
20 HP Compressor full load
is costing approximately
$16,000/Year.
November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 25
 Value of an Energy Audit

• Identify biggest “Bang for the Buck” projects

• Identify project priorities based on budget, grant money
available, etc.
• Identify operational issues with equipment
• Identify maintenance problems with equipment
• Opportunity to interview occupants of facilities to gain
valuable insight and to get suggestions
• Compare energy usage to other similar buildings in area
(baseline)
• Identify available Incentives and Rebates for ECOs (ie.
Energy Optimization Program, etc.)
• Identify possible applications and options for using new
technologies and renewable resources
November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 26
 Prioritizing Energy Projects

1. No or Low Cost Projects

– Operational Changes
– Maintenance
– Re-commissioning Equipment
– Changing Habits
– Sensors/ Timers (shuts off automatically)
– Energy Awareness (educate employees)
– Energy Conservation Programs
– Create an Energy Policy

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 Energy Awareness

Adjust thermostat
for savings!

Every 1 degree down

Saves 2-3%
off heating bill

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 Don’t assume it works…

…just because it’s installed

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 Economizer

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 30

 Economizer

•Use free cooling in Spring and Fall

•Drop down temperature at night

•Use Demand Control Ventilation (CO2 sensors)

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 31

Typical Simple Packback

Natural Gas
• Steam Systems 0.3 – 1.5 years
• HVAC 0.5 – 1.5 years
• Building Envelope & Insulation 0.5 – 20 years

Electrical
• Compressed Air 0.2 – 1.3 years
• Lighting 1.5 – 6.0 years
• Chilled Water Systems 0.3 – 2.0 years

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 32

 Prioritizing Energy Projects

2. Projects requiring Capital Funding

– Replacing existing equipment with more efficient
equipment (ie. lighting, hot water modular boilers,
premium high efficiency motors, etc.)
– Increasing efficiency of existing equipment (ie.
Installing VFDs on motors, capture waste heat and
water for reuse)
– New Technologies (lighting, HVAC, etc.)
– Renewable Resources (solar, wind, biomass,
geothermal)
Decisions based on several factors (priorities): savings,
cost, payback, environmental impacts (carbon
footprint)?
November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 33
 How do we Increase Boiler
Efficiency?

•Proper sized
boiler
•Modular boiler
•Boiler
economizer
•Regular
maintenance/
tune-ups

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 34

 Modular Boilers

• Boiler efficiency can be increased by

replacing a single boiler with a
network of smaller modular boilers.
• Since modular boilers can be fired
independently each module would be
fired on demand at 100 percent
capacity with load fluctuations being
met by firing more or less boilers.
• When the first boiler can no longer
keep up with the heat demand, a
second boiler picks up the extra heat
load.
• Also, modular boilers have low
thermal inertia which provides rapid
response and low heat-up and cool-
down losses.

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Energy Seminar
 Boiler Economizer

• The heat exchanger has

been specifically designed
to capture the maximum
amount of energy from
exhaust gases.

• Squeeze out an amazing

97% of all heat of
combustion energy
contained in the flue gases.

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Energy Seminar
 Environmental Impacts
Saving 10,000 kWh (1.5 HP motor or ten 100 watt lamps)

Help The Environment

• Reduces 20.9 tons of carbon dioxide
• Reduces 107 lb.. Of sulfur dioxide
• Reduces 45 lb.. Of nitrogen oxide
• Pollution associated with the
emissions of more than 2.8 cars
• Equivalent of planting more than 3.8
Acres of trees

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 DDC control

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 38

 New Technologies

• Many vendors coming out of woodwork with new

technologies
• Don’t just take their word
• New technologies are generally more expensive than
current technologies with longer paybacks
• New technologies may have unproven results and
reliability due to infant stage
• How can customers evaluate products and services
appropriately?

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 39

 New Technologies

How can a customer make an informed decision?

• Get required information from vendor
– How long on market
– Where has product been installed/ For how long/ Talk to
contact
– Get data/ cut sheets from vendor
– Testing results (i.e. UL approved, etc.)
– Warrantees/ Guarantees
• Need unbiased opinions/ expertise
– Education (technical seminars, internet, etc.)
– Energy Manager assistance
– DTE Energy (vendor relationships, EO Pilot Program,
incentives, expertise)

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 40

 Energy Manager Typical Duties

Energy Audits & Projects

 Conducts tours (audits) of facilities to identify energy saving
opportunities.
 Identifies, analyzes, implements, and manages customer energy
related projects to optimize energy utilization.
 Develops project proposals for energy conservation
opportunities (ECOs), including project costs, savings, and
payback analysis.
 Manages energy project schedule and budget to support
customer expectations
 Actively researches existing and new products, services, and
technology that provide value and optimize energy consumption.
 Provides technical support for any and all energy related issues.

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 41

 Energy Manager Typical Duties

Tracking & Optimizing Energy Usage

• Determine monthly energy usage for all facilities.
• Prepare tables and graphs to depict energy usage.
• Provide tracking, trending, reporting, and
recommendations to reduce energy.
• Enhance EMS functions (if applicable)
• Provides daily customer on-site energy manager
capabilities, including resolving billing inquiries,
assisting in power quality and reliability issues, and
other energy related specific concerns.
• Assist in identification and application for available
energy efficient funding from state and federal programs

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 Energy Manager Typical Duties

Develop Programs
• Develop Energy Awareness Program
– Supply energy saving information for each facility
– Develop posters, signage, displays, etc.
– Designate energy awareness week and perform energy
seminars, demonstrations and prizes
• Establish Employee Recognition/Rewards Program
• Develop an Energy Curtailment Program
– Shut down equipment during off-hours or when not needed
– Develop plan and procedure
– Track/Trend curtailment results
– Reporting/ Communication

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 43

 Energy Manager Typical Duties

Communication and Training

• Attend and /or Lead Energy Meetings
• Develop Management Presentation Materials
• Create Conservation Articles/Newsletters
• Establish Communication and Technical Support
to Facility Management Teams
• Educate Employees on Energy Saving Habits
and “Best Practices”

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 44

 Energy Conservation Programs
- Energy Awareness

•Energy Awareness along with energy projects contributes to the overall

10/ 4/ 2007
2004
JAN
13,015,320
FEB
13,132,960
MAR
14,347,800
APR
13,106,600
MAY
13,439,200
JUN
14,091,840
JUL
11,783,400
AUG
14,892,920
SEP
14,294,640

energy reduction
2005 12,988,000 12,559,640 12,863,800 12,855,000 12,988,000 14,088,960 10,986,280 14,411,560 12,343,120
2006 11,413,920 11,285,280 12,357,200 10,058,520 11,269,520 11,772,760 9,919,440 12,597,560 10,916,920

Cost Var. $79,655 $64,950 $24,850 $162,683 $99,992 $131,710 $66,612 $102,216 $82,988
% CHANGE
04/ 05 -0.2% -4.4% -10.3% -1.9% -3.4% 0.0% -6.8% -3.2% -13.7%
05/ 06 -12.1% -10.1% -3.9% -21.8% -13.2% -16.4%
1/ -9.7% -12.6% -11.6%
YR TO DATE -12.1% -11.1% -8.7% -12.0% -12.2%
1/
-13.0% -12.6% -12.6% -12.5%
2/
0/
1
1
9 1
9 Series2

SITE TOTAL ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION (kWh)

16,000,000 Year 1
14,000,000
Year 2 Year 3
12,000,000

10,000,000
KW H

8,000,000

6,000,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT N

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 45

 Questions?

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 46