GSM
 GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communications: originally from Groupe
Spécial Mobile) is the world's most
popular standard for mobile telephony
systems. The GSM Association
estimates that 80% of the global mobile
market uses the standard. GSM is used
by over 1.5 billion people across more
than 212 countries and territories. GSM
differs from its predecessor technologies
in that both signalling and speech
channels are digital, and thus GSM is
considered a second generation (2G)
mobile phone system. This also
facilitates the wide-spread
implementation of data communication
applications into the system.
3G
 3G is the third generation of
wireless technologies. It comes
with enhancements over previous
wireless technologies, like high-
speed transmission, advanced
multimedia access and global
roaming. 3G is mostly used with
mobile phones and handsets as a
means to connect the phone to
the Internet or other IP networks
in order to make voice, video
calls and watch Mobile TV, to
download and upload data and to
surf the net.
GSM Network

SCP
gsm
PSTN/ISDN SSP SCF
STP
ISUP IN
HLR
AuC
C
Gw-MSC
Billing
E, I

C, D Center
Call

SU P

VLR SMS-GW
MSC
GSM
04.08 A

BSS

UE
Circuit domain
GSM & GPRS

SCP
gsm
PSTN/ISDN SSP SCF IP Services PDN
STP
ISUP IN Gi
HLR
AuC Gc
C
Gw-MSC GGSN
Billing Ga Data,
CGw
E, I

C, D
Center voice,
Call

SU P

Gn video
Ga
call
SMS-GW Gr
VLR
MSC SGSN
GSM
GSM
04.08+ A Gb 04.08+

BSS

UE
Circuit domain Packet domain
WCDMA/UMTS

SCP
gsm
PSTN/ISDN SSP SCF IP Services PDN
STP IN, CAMEL
ISUP Gi+
HLR+
AuC Gc+
C
Gw-MSC GGSN
Billing Ga+ Data,
C+, D+ CGw
E+ ,

Center voice,
Call

Gn+
I SU

video
Ga+
call
P

VLR SMS-GW Gr+

3G-MSC 3G-SGSN
GSM
GSM
04.08++ Iu-cs Iu-ps 04.08++

UTRAN

UE
Circuit domain Packet domain
 WCDMA / UMTS / 3G
W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), UMTS-FDD,
UTRA-FDD, or IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread is an air interface
standard found in 3G mobile telecommunications networks. It is the basis
of Japan's NTT DoCoMo's FOMA service and the most-commonly used
member of the UMTS family. It utilizes the DS-CDMA channel access
method and the FDD duplexing method to achieve higher speeds and
support more users compared to most time division multiple access
(TDMA) schemes used today. Home
Network
Domain

[Zu]

Cu Uu Iu [Yu]

Serving Transit
Net work Network
Domain Domain

USIM Mobile Access Core

Domain Equipment Network Network
Domain Domain Domain

User Equipment Infrastructure

Domain Domain
 WCDMA Power Control (near = far)
Keep received power
levels P1 and P2 equal

Y Y Power control commands

to the UEs
UE1

NodeB
UE2
Uplink and downlink (1500 Hz)
Open Loop Power Control
Closed Loop Power Control
Outer Loop Power Control

Equal Opportunity Administration (EOA)

WCDMA Handovers The samesignal is sent
sector 1

fromboth sectors to UE

Softer

Y Y
RNC

sector 2

Y Y
Soft

The same signal is sent from

both NodeB's to UE, except for the
RNC NodeB1 power control commands

macro diversity Y Y
combining in uplink

NodeB2

Hard and Inter-frequency handovers

Intersystem cell-reselection
“Equivalent PLMN mode” (autonomous cell re-selection (packet) idle mode)
 Handover Algorithm
T T T

Pilot E c/I O of cell 1 Reporting_range

+ Hysteresis_event 1B

Reporting_range
- Hysteresis_event 1A

Hysteresis_event 1C

Pilot E c/I O of cell 2

Pilot E c/I O of cell 3

Connected to cell 1

Event 1A Event 1C Event 1B

- add cell2 = replace cell1 = remove cell3
with cell3
A relay race with multiple batons
 GSM/UMTS Bit rate, Mobility and Services

High
(Car / Train)
GSM
HSCSD
GPRS

Mobility
Text Messaging

EDGE
Voice
CS Data
Fax

UMTS
Low
(stationary)
Bit Rate, Kbps
9.6 14.4 76.0 GPRS 384.0 EDGE UMTS >10 Mbps
HSCSD
 2M Hz v ideo telem edicine
conferencing V ideo on M obile
dem and TV

3G Services
Internet radio
electronic
newspaper
Bandwidth paging
audio
conferencing m essaging M obile
radio

Fax
v oice

1K Hz
bi-directional unidirectional B roadcast/
m ulticast

Who is first? – the customer; who is second? - No one

 References
1. www.3gpp.org
2. WCDMA for UMTS, Ed.: H. Holma and A. Toskala,
John Wiley, 2010
3. UMTS - Mobile Communications for the Future, Ed.
F.Muratore, John Wiley, 2010
4. WCDMA: Towards IP Mobility and Mobile Internet, Eds
E.Djanpera and R.Prasad, Artech House, 2011
5. IS-95 CDMA and CDMA2000, V.K.Garg, Publishing
House of Electronics Industry, Beijing, 2009
6. IP Telephony, O. Hersent, D. Gurle Et, and J-P Petit,
Addison-Wesley, 2009
7. www.mobileinfo.com
Thank You