INTRODUCTION

TO
MICROPROCESS
OR AND
ORGANIZATION
OF 8085.
 What Is
Microprocessor ?
Microprocessor is a multipurpose,
programable logical device that reads
binary instructions from a storage device
called memory. It accepts binary data as
input and process data according to those
instructions and provide result as output.
 Evolution
After invention ofOf
transistors, integreted
circuits (ICS) appeared on the scene at the
Microprocessor :-
end of 1950. IC consist of several
transistors,diods and resistors on single
chip. In 1960 Small Scale Integration (SSI)
technology evolved. As semiconductor
technology advanced ,more than 100 gates
were fabricated on single chip this was
Medium Scale Integrity (MSI). After that
1000 gates were fabricated on single chip
this was Large Scale Integrity (LSI) . After
that Very Large Scale (VLSI) . And because
of LSI it become possible to built many
computing functions on single chip and now
Generations Of
Microprocessor :-
First Generation :- The first microprocessor
introduced in market , that was Intel 4004. It was
4-bit microprocessor introduced in 1971. This was
used in calculator . And also Toshiba’s T 3472 4-
bit microprocessor was also introduced in this
genration.

Second Generation :- In 1976 Intel’s 8-bit

microprocessor 8085 was introduced. This was
completely developed microprocessor at that
time with CPU, ROM, RAM , clock , I/O ports all is
single package. Also Motorola introduced MC
6801 8-bit microprocessor.
Third Generation :-The other major direction of microprocessor
evolution has been towards one which performs all functions of
a microcomputer . Intel introduced its high performance 16-bit
microprocessor in 1978 that was microprocessor 8086 now it is
called as APX 86 . Another examples are Intel 8088, Zylog
z8000, M 6800 etc. these all are 16 bit microprocessor.
Fourth Generation :- Recently in 1981 Intel introduced 32-bit
microprocessor 80386 which can access physical memory up
to 4 gega bytes . Also M68020, HP32, iAPX432 32-bit
microprocessors were introduced.
Fifth Generation :- Now we are in fifth generation Pentium I , II,
III , IV are recently introduced microprocessors by Intel. And
now a days Intel Dual Core ,Intel XEON, core i3 , core i5, core
i7 are most advanced microprocessors.
 Block Diagram For Generic
Microprocessor :-
Before studying 8085
Before studying 8085
microprocessor, let us
understand the block diagram
of generic microprocessor i.e.
general microprocessor. The
block diagram consist of :
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).
2. Several registers : Instruction
registers, accumulator, status
register ,temporary registers ,
stack pointers, data address
registers.
3. Program counter.
4. Instruction decoder.
5. Timing and control section.
6. Bus buffers and latches.
7. Internal buses and control
lines.
1. Address Bus :- It is a group of 16 lines and it is unidirectional
i.e. bits are flows in one direction –from MPU to peripheral
device.
2. Data Bus :- It is group of 8 lines used for data flow . It is
bidirectional , It flows in both directions between MPU &
peripheral & memory . Actually it is used to transferring data.
3. Data Address Register :- It is a two 8 bit register that can be
used separately or as combined pair. They are labeled as H &
L.
4. Accumulator :- It is the 8-bit register generally used to store
the 8-bit data in ALU & in logical operations . The result is
stored is accumulator.
5. Program counter :- It is the 16-bit register it stores the
address of next instruction to be executed.
6. Bus Buffer & Latches :- A latch is the flip-flop. It is used to
store one bit of information.
 8085 Microprocessor :-
Intel’s 8085 is a 8-bit general
purpose microprocessor. This
microprocessor is capable of
addressing 64k of memory. This
device has 40 pins, requires +5
single phase clock. It is the
enhanced version of 8080. It is
upward compatible with 8080.
The 8085 Pin Diagram &
Function:- 8085 is a 40 pin
dual-in-line package (DIP). All
pins are divided into six groups :
1. Address bus.
2. Multiplexed address/Data bus.
3. Control & status signals
4. Power supply & frequency
signals.
5. Externally initiated signals.
6. Serial I/O ports
1. Address Bus :- 8085 has
signal 8 lines A15 –A8 that are
unidirectional.
2. Multiplexed address/Data
Bus:- The signal lines AD7-AD0
are bidirectional .They are user
as lower order address bus as
well as the data bus
3. Power Supply :- It needs the
+5V power supply.
4. Serial I/O Ports :- It has two
pins to implement serial
transmission , Serial input data
(SID) & serial output data
(SOD).
 Functional Block Diagram
Of 8085 :-

Let us look at the

block diagram of
8085.
It includes ALU ,
timing & control
unit, instruction
register & decoder ,
register array,
interrupts control &
serial I/O control.
Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)
:- ALU performs arithmetic
,logic and rotate operations .
The result is typically stored in
accumulators . Accumulator ,
temporary register and flag
register is closely associated
with ALU. The temporary
registers are used to hold the
data during arithmetic
operations . And the result is
typically stored in
accumulator.