HISTORIC PRESERVATION

PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT
FRAMEWORK
 “Classic” Planning Model
Sequence

SURVEY ANALYSIS PLAN

Source: Hall 1975

 “Contemporary” Planning
Sequence
Projection &
Continuous
Goals Simulation of
Information
Alternative Futures

Continuous
Evaluation Choice
Monitoring

Source: Hall 1975

 The Personality Planning
Framework
 The need for the inclusion of citizen
participation has prompted the development of
innovative techniques in the planning process.
 One such innovation – the Personality Planning
Model – proposed by Rosenow and Pulsipher
(1979) tried to address this issue.
The model encompasses the broad principles of
attraction development (Rosenow & Pulsipher, 1979):
 The basic integrity of the attraction should be
maintained at all costs.
 Development should be done tastefully and with
a sensitivity to the natural, historical and cultural
environment.
 Emphasis should be on providing a
meaningful visitor experience.
 Wherever possible, users themselves should
help fund the upkeep of attractions,
especially for camping and other site-
intensive activity.
The personality planning process is designed to:
 help communities establish a vision of their
potential,
 define objectives for appropriate development,
 then, seek action programs meeting these
objectives while recognizing the rights and
concerns of individual citizens.
The four steps proposed by Rosenow and
Pulsipher (1979) for the Personality
Planning Process are:
1. Delineate Distinctive Features;
2. Plot Critical Zones;
3. Establish Use Objectives;
4. Formulate Specific Action Programs
 Although the personality planning framework
emphasizes lead roles for citizens’
organizations, it also recognizes the roles for
government in the process.
 Where competing businesses cannot agree on
beneficial joint action, the state can help to
provide overall direction aimed at achieving the
public good.
 The emphasis on community participation in the
‘personality planning model’ makes it appropriate
for historic towns, since local participation is often
a key objective.
 In its four steps, however, the model fails to show
how, and at what stage, residents become involved
in the planning process.
 Another problem is the spatial and physical
orientation of the model, for it does not address the
features that are temporal and intangible.
 The “Expanded” Personality
Planning Framework
 Coordinate Organizations;
 Delineate Distinctive Features;
 Plot Critical Zones;
 Establish Use Objectives;
 Formulate Specific Action Programs
 Coordination of Organizations
 The idea behind this step is to coordinate the
fragmented efforts of the various organizations
and groups in a community working toward
plans of action in order to arrive at a consensus.
 Joining forces will achieve greater and more
enduring results.
 The community at this stage will be able to
define objectives and policies for its own
development.
 A steering committee consisting of
governmental organizations, NGOs and citizen
organizations will coordinate the effort to define
the objectives and policies.
 Organizations within the coalition would
undertake their own activities to generate ideas
from their constituents on social, economic and
developmental issues.
 These ideas would then be taken to the steering
committee for coordination and ratification.
The coalition will further seek consensus on
effort such as:
 residential awareness programs;
 plans of action;
 implementation procedures; and
 monitoring procedures.
 For this to work, however, it is critical to have a
mass of motivated volunteers and a community
that is interested in its redevelopment.
 The methods of delivery will be through schools,
the print media, television and radio and public
meetings.
 Programs will highlight elements in the
community that residents will be able to identify
with – the importance of local trade and of
traditional and vernacular architecture.
 Programs will also include the storytellers, craft
artisans, musicians and other folk artists who will
be encouraged to pass on this heritage to others
so it can be preserved for future generations.
 Another important role of the committee will
be to monitor overall changes in the
community.
 This will help determine whether to continue
present policies or whether modification or re-
planning is required.
 Change and modification of strategies will be
necessary if social problems develop or if
performance goals and targets are not met.
 Delineating Distinctive Features
‘Distinctive Features’ are the elements in a community
that give it a special character. They include:
 historical resources;
 urban and rural landscape features;
 ethnic and cultural features;
 recreation areas;
 scenic resources;
 natural areas;
 waterfronts; rivers and stream; wetland;
 geologic/ecological features and dominant land forms.
 The existing features are inventoried and
mapped out along with planned future ones.
 The next move is to establish a hierarchy
establishing the relative importance of the
features.
 Out of this accumulated information a tangible
delineation of those elements that are most
important if the community is to perpetuate its
cultural birthright will begin to emerge.
 It will also includ intangible features such as
local traditions, customs, folklore, festivals,
celebrations, music, dances, religions and
religious ceremonies, arts, crafts, food, other
cultural activities and one-of-a-kind event that
gives a place personality.
 Baud-Bovey and Lawson (1977) consider that
these resources are the most fragile and often
are threatened by commodification, a result of
the economic development that come from
tourism.
 Baud-Bovey and Lawson comment, “These
local characteristics may be authentic and have
a genuine place in the life styles of an area up
to a certain low threshold of visitors . As the
visitors increase, the local traditions and
customs accelerate and are replaced by staged
events deliberately provided as a spectacle for
tourists” (Baud-Bovey & Lawson, 1977:202) [emphasis added].
 Plotting Critical Zones
 Critical zones are the most important zones
used by residents and visitors.
 To establish critical zones, the location of the
distinctive features are examined in relation to
visitors’ and residents’ activity patterns.
 Visual quality is of utmost importance within
the critical zones since these zones are the
community’s public face.
 Critical zones should include community
entrance routes, major travel corridors,
distinctive features and areas where people
congregate.
 In regard to intangible features that are
distinctive to a community, while they might
not be able to be mapped out in a physical
sense, they can be visualized spatially and in the
seasonal contexts in which they occur.
 Establishing Use-Objectives
 ‘Use-objectives’ within the critical zones
establishes the type of actions to be taken.
 These actions may include: reenacting,
rejuvenating, reproducing, revitalizing,
reviving, reanimating, reawakening, repairing,
preserving, retaining, enhancing, conserving,
restoring, rehabilitating, reconstructing,
modifying or demolishing.
 Use-objectives will also be implemented for
intangible distinctive features discussed
previously; the objective will be to maintain
and perpetuate these elements without unduly
sacrificing their traditional function and
meaning.
 While one or more new use-objective may be
appropriate for a critical zone, drastic
modification should be avoided.
 Formulating Specific Action
Programs
 Action programs detail the methods and
phasing required to successfully implement the
policies and strategies previously defined.
 Actions programs are the vehicles used to
promote the plan, implement new features,
organize the tourist industry, and control and
protect features.
 These programs involve determining the
sequence of operation and the authority in
charge.
 The launching phase should be designed so as
to be attainable within the framework of the
existing legislative and administrative structure.
 This first phase should also promote the gradual
implementation and enforcement of new
regulations and authorities required for future
stages of development.
 There will also be a clear identification of the
various bodies that will be responsible for
carrying out each activity.
Action programs may include:
 zoning,
 expropriation,
 the purchase of scenic easements and
development rights,
 sign control ordinances,
 landscaping,
 purchase and preservation of historical
buildings,
 united action for storefront improvements and
so forth.
 Mechanisms will also be developed to
determine carrying-capacity limits.
 This may mean restricting and limiting
access to critical zones by people and
vehicles and the scheduling of activities
with respect to time and season.
 The action programs will also seek to address certain
intangible features.
 This will call for the re-enactment of celebrations,
festivals and events in their spatial, seasonal and
contextual setting, to ‘bring-back’ a sense of time.
 Such programs will diversify and re-animate events
and activities throughout the year and give visitors
different events in which to participate.
 Events could include balls and dances in period
costumes and settings, public market places, military
parades, social settings and life styles of ethnic and
religious groups and important personalities.
 Action programs need to include training to
prepare the residents in the community to
accept and participate in the overall
development.
 Policies adopted and facilities provided
must be sufficiently flexible to allow for
changing conditions.