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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DWDM
CONCLUSION
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OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
t:
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the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)
ation
l fiber still force a compromise between transmission distance and bandwidth,
peed signals at intervals using opto-electronic repeaters
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DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (DWDM)
gant solution is found using
VELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (DWDM),
fectively increases the useable bandwidth in a system without electronic repeater
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thers, can be independent in protocol, speed, and direction of communicati
e where signals are routed according to wavelength without the need for e
d more flexible
ods.
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ARRAYED WAVEGUIDE GRATING (AWG)
OPERATION PRINCIPLES
Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWGs) are optical wavelength
(de)multiplexers used in DWDM. As well as performing basic (de)multiplexing
functions, they can be combined with other components to create add/drop
Multiplexers.
The Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) plays a crucial role in the realization of
modern optical networks.
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PRINCIPLE OF DWDM TECHNOLOGY
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DWDM FUNCTIONAL SCHEMATIC
ssociated with multiplexing and demultiplexing. These loss is dependent upon the
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DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (DWDM)
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An Add / Drop Multiplexer ( ADM ). Made reconfigurable by
using space
division switches
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An Optical Cross Connect ( OXC ) employing a space
division switch for each wavelength . Switch
settings determine where each wavelength is routed .
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DWDM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
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8-CHANNEL DWDM SYSTEM
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TRANSPONDERS
equipment. It converts the wide pulse signal into a narrow wavelength of the order
signal level over EDFA band so that individual channel optical output power of M
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COMBINER & SPLITTER
t the transmission end and again split at receiving end. The combining is done by
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OPTICAL FIBRE AMPLIFIER
re used instead of electrical amplifier. Thus pulse shaping and retiming function
), one or more pump lasers, a passive wavelength coupler, optical isolators and tap
tical
ve withsignals . Erbium
typical is a ratio
splitting rare earth element
ranging and
from 99 :1 emits
to 95:5light
. around 1550 nm regi
the amplifier to compare the incoming signal with the amplified output.
ed signal from reflecting back into the device;
noise and decrease the efficiency.
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pending upon the gain, EDFAs are classified into following three categories.
For long haul application.
For very long haul application.
For ultra long haul application.
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e wide band optical signal coming from the out put of MUX.
nal travel. Attenuation and dispersion are the main limitation factors determining
hop length of long haul and very long haul system respectively.
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ier. With out two stages it is not possible to amplify the signal up to 33dB on ED
or receiving coming from the distant station. Hence the attenuated line signal is
ower optical power with out any optical safety provision, accompanied with and in
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rectional module with facility for dropping or adding optical channel of specific
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ADVANTAGES OF DWDM TECHNOLOGY
xisting DWDM system can be upgraded by deploying higher channel capacity system.
he different wavelengths from different systems can be transmitted simultaneously
red for laying new fiber is much more as compared to equipment deployment time. he
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creasing transmission capacity. In DWDM system, one optical amplifier is used for
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DISADVANTAGE
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APPLICATIONS
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CONCLUSION
to manage the optical signal dynamically, which will allow more flexibility to t
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REFERENCES
aha, Shri Nural Anowar, DWDM System & Testing TELECOMMUNICATION March –April 2002
.com
iba.com
ronics.howstuffworks.com
uffworks.com
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QUERIES ?
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