Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia

Conservation Agriculture (CA) based Resource Conserving Technology (RCT)

and
Brief Activity Report , Lesson Learnt and Dissemination*

Dr. M. A. Mazid
Hub Manager
CSISA Dinajpur Hub (#10)
STI Campus, WRC, Nashipur, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh
Mob# +88 01711 80 4597, ma.mazid@cgiar.org

*Prepared for the workshop on Community Radio held at RDA, Bogra

28 February 2011
Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia
Phase 1: 2009-2011

Main Purpose: Phase 2: 2011-14

BMGF
•Decrease hunger and malnutrition USAID
•Increase food and income security WB, RWC

CGIAR:IRRI, CIMMYT,
IFPRI, ILRI
Strategy: NARES
Accelerated development and Private sector
NGOs
inclusive deployment of new ARI
varieties, sustainable management Universities
technologies, and policies. Societies (ASA)
Geographic locations of Nine Hubs in 4 countries
Of South Asia (2009-11)

Bangladesh* :2
India :5
Nepal :1
Pakistan :1

*New CSISA Expansion in

Bangladesh (2011-15) funding by
USAID : Khulna, Jessore, Barisal and
Noakhali
 CSISA কি ?

Hub কি ?

সংরক্ষণ কৃ ষি (Conservation Agriculture(CA) কি ?

সম্পদ সাশ্রয়ী প্রযুক্তি (Resource Conserving Technology) কি ?

মেশিনে সরাসরি ধান বপন (dry DSR)/ line sowing Wheat বপন / line
sowing jute বপন কি এবং ‍কিভাবে করবো ?

Weed control options আগাছা দমন ‍

কিভাবে করবো ?
CSISA :

Cereal System Initiatives for South Asia (CSISA)

দক্ষিণ এশিয়ায় দানাদার ফসল (Rice,wheat,maize) নিবিড়ায়নের উদ্যোগ

Hub কি ?
Hub=Centre=কেন্দ্র

Half= অর্ধেক
CE Bangladesh Hub Gazipur (#12)

Gazipur Hub Domain Area with 8 districts

Dhaka
Gazipur
Narayangonaj

Manikgonaj

Tangail
Norsinghdhi
Mymensingh
Jamalpur
District-wise Primary Cropping System at Gazipur Hub
NW Bangladesh, Hub Dinajpur (#10)

Dinajpur Hub domins :

7 districts:
1. Thakurgaon
2. Dinajpur
3. Nilphamari,
4. Rangpur,

5. Kurigram,
6. Gaibandha & a setalite
site
7. Rajshahi
Principles of CA

Minimum disturbance of soil

Residue retension (30-40cm straw)

Profitable cropping patterns

Resource and Resource Conserving
Technologies (RCT)

 Land
 Water
 Nutrients
 Labour etc
 RCTs are:
 Water saving by Laser land leveler fb dry direct seeded rice (dry
DSR), AWD, bed planting, cultivars use e.g arobic rice, drought
resisitant variet/low water requirement crops like wheat/maize

 Urea saving by LCC

 NUE and labour saving by Guti urea (USG) placement applicator

Profitable Potential cropping patterns in Dinajpur Hub
Crop intensification and diversification:

• Wheat (Rabi/winter)-MB (Kharip-1/Pre

monsoon/pre wet) - Aman rice (Kharip-
II/monsoon/wet season)
• Potato-Relay maize/Maize-Rice
• Wheat-Jute-Rice
• Potato-Jute-Rice
• Potato-boro? -Rice
• Maize-F/MB-Rice
• Mustard mixed boro?-Rice
• Tobacco-Relay maize/maize?-Rice
Crop diversification
3 crop/per year:

SDV:BRRI dhan33 wheat

Mungbean

DSR (monsoon) –Wheat-Mungbean cropping pattern,

 Potato
BRRI dhan33

Crop diversification:
DSR BRRI dhan33/BINA7-
early Potato- relay Maize/Maize
Maize
 System productivity improvement

Rice (dry DSR by PTOS)-Wheat (LS by PTOS)-

Jute (LS by ZT MCP) in Rangpur 2009-2010
Boro+Mustard Mixed Cropping, Narayangonj, 2010-11
Farmer practice for rice

Full tillage puddled soil (FP):

Late onset of the monsoon or low

rainfall can delay transplanting
as a minimum of 200-400 mm
cumulative rainfall (for the last 10
days?) is needed to complete
land preparation,
including puddling, and
transplanting.
Huge labor required for Puddled TPR
 Farmers Practices for wheat:

Full till by 4WT fb BC wheat seeds and then incorporation by 2WT (power tiller)
cost about Tk.2100/ac (USD 72.04/ha)
Full till 2-3 ploughing by 4WT operated rotavator fb HSR @ 75kg/ac increased
establishment cost
Moreover:
Increased moisture loss by evaporation due to soil exposure that reduced poor germination of
wheat
Required more seeds because of deep seeding of wheat that cannot germinate and increased bird
damage due to some seeds remained on the surface
Very riskily if there is any accident during laddering
Non uniform plant population , high labor cost by manual weeding in zig-zac plant population and
Decreased Low net return
 3500

3421
3000
2500
Compaction (kPa)

2983
2000

2637
1500

2274
1000

1806
500
0
R3 R2 R1 C ZTR
Tillage options in Average of Six Locations
 Drivers of change in rice establishment method
Wage rate High
Low ( Labour shortages at peak demand
)
High (reliable)
Mechanical
TPR Wet DSR / TPR
transplanter
UP TPR
Water
Mechanisation
availability

Lithao

Low (uncertain) DSR / TPR Dry DSR Broadcast

Opportunities for crop intensification

Mazid et.al.,2006
Crop harvesting by Divisional Commissioner, Rajshahi;
Additional Director, Deputy Director, DAE, Rajshahi along
with the researcher Dr. M. A. Mazid and colleagues, Raj.1999.
Published on 4 January 2000
CA based reduced till by 2WTOS (PTOS) and 2WTO BP (PTO bed
planter)
Comparative Conventional VS CA based Single pass PTOS:

A. Conventional practice (FP):

• Three ploughing cost @Tk 700/ac= Tk 2100/ac (USD 72,04/ha)
• Seed rates @75kg/ac =Tk. 2625/ac (USD 90.05/ha)
• Total Cost of establishment =Tk.4725/ac (USD 162.09/ha)

B. Reduced till by 2WTOS(PTOS):

• One/single pass cost@Tk900/ac=Tk.900 (USD 30.88/ha)

• Seed rates @50kg/ac =Tk.1750/ac (USD60.03/ha)
• Total cost of establishment =Tk.2650/ac (USD90.91/ha)

C.Benefit:Tk.4725- Tk.1750=Tk2075/ac (USD71.18 /ha)

On the 1st day of seeding wheat (Thakurgaon/Dinajpur 2011)

 Conservation Agriculture (CA) based machineries

Main principle of CA is
 Minimum disturbance of soil is done
by Resource Conserving (RC) and cost
saving machines-
i. Zero till MCP by 4WT
ii. Strip till by 2WTOS (PTOS)
iii. Reduced till by 2WTOS (PTOS)
iv. Bed planter by 2WTO BP (PTO BP)

সংরক্ষণ কৃ ষির অন্যতম মূলনীতি হলো মাটিকে কম

নড়াচড়া বা কম কর্ষন করা। তাই সংরক্ষণ
কৃ ষিভিত্তিক মেশিন বলতে সেই সব প্রাকৃ তিক
সম্পদ সংরক্ষণ ও খরচ সাশ্রয়ই মেশিনকে
বুঝায় যা স্বল্প মাটি আলোড়ন বা চাষ করে
ফসল প্রতিষ্ঠা করে। যেমনঃ জিরো ট্রিলথ মাল্টি
ক্রপপ্লান্টার, পিটিওএস, পিটিও বেড প্লান্টার ও
ইত্যাদি।
2WTOS (PTOS) and Technical sites পিটিওএস ‍কি ও কারিগরি দিক সমূহ

• 2WTOS (PTOS) can sow seeds just by one

pass (i.e reduced till using single pass
ploughing, sowing in 6 lines and
levelling/laddering by roller) পিটিওএস পাওয়ার
ট্রিলার ওপারেটেড সিডার ইহা স্বল্প চাষে বা এক চাষে
বা শুধু লাইনে (স্ট্রিপ টিলেজ) চাষ বীজ বপন যন্ত্র।

• It plough, seeds sown in 6 lines and laddering

3 in 1 pass
by roller i.e ইহা চাষ, ৬
সারিতে বীজ বপন ও মই দেয়া এক পাসে হয় অথাৎ
একের ভিতর তিন।

• Dongfeng and Sifeng type PT available in

Bangladesh ডংফেং ও সাইফেং পাওয়ার
ট্রিলারের জন্য পৃথক পৃথক ধরনের সিডার মেশিন
পাওয়া যায়।
Video clip on PTOS

2WTOS (PTOS) originaly designed for line sowing wheat but now being developed for
rice and others crop during since 1977/1999 (source: CIMMYT-WRC, Nashipur, Dinajpur)
 Bed plabter বেড প্লান্টার

2WTO Bed planter (PTO bed planter)

পাওয়ার ট্রিলার ওপারেটেড বেড প্লান্টার (গম ও ভূ ট্টা)

MOV04010.AVI
 CA based pre-tillage weed control

Glyphosate (Panida - non selective herbicide) application on green

vegetation
Less or no weeds found in Glyphosate (Non selective
herbicide) applied plot
Fig3: Varietal performance in CA based dry DSR by 2WTOS (PTOS) in 6 farmers’ plot at Moktarpara, Rangpur,
CSISA Dinajpur Hub, Aman 2010
 Effect of different tillage method on the yield and economic
performance of Wheat under Wheat-Jute- T. Aman cropping
pattern, Gazipur Hub domain

Tillage system Days to Plant height Spike/ m2 (no.) Grains/ 1000-grain wt. Grain yield (t ha-1)
maturity (cm) spike (no.) (g)

PTOS 109 95.8 355 30 41.8 3.71

Conventional 109 96.1 346 29 41.5 3.50

LSD (0.05) 0.00 2.30 19.57 1.10 1.01 0.24

PTOS has promising prospects regarding reduction of production cost and to

CV (%)tillage period
minimize 0.0 of land. 2.7 6.4 4.3 2.8 7.5
 Table. On-station Grain yield (t/ha)
(Mridha et.al., 2009 BRRI Rangpur, Aman2009)

Tillage Mean
Herbicide source
Pre emergence Post emergence
Panida Topster Serious Sunrise
(Oxadiarrzil) (Pyrozosulphuron)
(Pandimithaline) (Ethoxisulphuran)

Reduced T 6.41 5.97 6.41 6.01 6.20

(PTOS)
Strip 5.85 5.73 6.24 5.99 5.92
Zero 6.13 5.92 6.31 6.0 5.75
Conventio 6.37 6.41 6.73 6.23 6.43
nal

LSD(%) : 0.2597
 Table: Herbicide wise weeding cost (Tk/ha)
Weeding Total
cost(Tk/ha)
Herbicide

Name Amount/ha Price (Tk/ha) Labor/ha Tk/ha

Panida 2 liter 1500 58 8120 9620

Topstar 180 ml 592 50 7000 7592

Serious 185 gm 518 31 4340 4858

Sunrise 100gm 700 35 4900 5600

Source: Mridha et. al 2009, BRRI Rangpur, Aman2009)

Major findings on Chemical weed Control

The post emergence herbicide (Serious & Sunrise)

controlled the weeds effective than pre emergence
herbicide (Panida & Topster) in CA based DSR

Within herbicide groups, Serious found better in

post –emergence and
Topster (Oxadiarzil) was better in pre emergence
to control of weeds
Major findings on Chemical weed Control

The highest number of weed species & dry meter was

found in pre-emergence herbicide than post emergence

Within herbicide the lowest number of labor use and

reduced cost was found in Serious (Pirazosulphuroan)
followed by Sunrise (Ethoxisulphuran), Topster (OXadiarzil)
and Panida (Pendimithaline)
Seeding of Wheat by PTOMS under Wheat-Jute/Rice systems, Gazipur Hub
domains

Districts FP (BC)

With PTOS Without PTOS

Tangail
3.46 2.78
Narshinghdi
3.56 3.12
Kishorganj
2.86 2.40

*No of farmers 75
MOV04010.AVI
Bed planting of Wheat to reduce the cost of production
 On farm CA based wheat on bed by 2WTO (PTO) Bed Planter, in R-W-MB 2009-2010
USAID, CSISA Dinajpur Hub interns, CIMMYT-CSISA social scientist with farmers ‘interaction
and commitment to move foreword
Cost and return of wheat in different establishment methods in Dinajpur
Hub domains, Rabi 2009-10

Method No. of Yield Income ProductionCost Net Profit

Farmer

BC 30 3.15 54173 29519 24653

PTOS 112 3.145 55585 24248 31335

Bed 13 3.471 60556 30156 30400

LS wheat by 2WTOS (PTOS) at Dhontola farmer
federation, Baliadangi, Dinajpur Hub 2010-11
CA based reduce till wheat (Ug99 resistant BARI gom26
CSISA-WRC-USAID famine program, Baliadangi,
Thakurgaon 2011 Dinajpur Hub
Severe hail storms on 16 February
that damaged by about 33% crops
Including wheat, Dontola Federation
Balia dangi, Thankurgaon 2011
Line sowing Jute
LS jute 1st time in
CSISA Dinajpur
Hub by mini 4WT
(Amar) using
National Agro
Indus ZT MCP
Line sown Jute (seed purpose)
by 6 tines 4WT, Kharif II 2010
with partners BADC JSF & BJRI
Table 2: Effect of seed rate on plant density and seed rate for line sowing of jute
by 4WTO ZT MCP over manual BC method, Dinajpur Hub, Kharif-II 2010

Method Seed rate Ini population Final popu lation Tinning Estimated Potential ave
(kg/ac) (Ave No/m2) after 1st weeding/ (%) Seed req seed saved in
thinning based on line sowing
(Ave No/m2) popu +25% (kg/ac)
(kg/ac)

Broadcast 2.5 94.0 39.7 57.70 1.30 1.356

Line sowing 2.0 89.6 40.3 54.23 1.17

by 4WT ZT
MCP
 Farmers participatory adaptive trials on Jute seed rate
 

Districts Varieties Treatments Fiber yield

(t ha-1)

Kishorganj O-9897
T1 (3.5 kg ha-1) 2.6

T2 (4.5 kg ha-1) 2.6

T3 (5.5 kg ha-1) 2.7

T4 (7.0 kg ha-1) 2.4

CV (%) 5.50 %

Seed rate of jute may be reduced from recommended dose in line sowing techniques by
using PTOS in this hub domain as well as the jute growing area of the country
 Table 4: Effect of labor requirement for weeding and thinning for
line sowing of jute over BC, Dinajpur Hub, Kharif-II 2010

Method Seed rate Sample Labou Time Labor for Requir Labor Labor
Location (kg/acre) Area r (no) requir weeding ed saving saving
(Decimal) e for (no/acre) labor / (no/acre) (no/ha)
weedin acre
g (hrs)

BADC- Line
JFSPF, sowing
Dinajpur 2.0 1 1 2.62 33 33 35

Broad
Cast 2.5 1 1 3.78 47 47 14
 
 CA Technologies and their Components

Adaptive Research Components of CA

• Cultivar choices
Laser land leveling
• Seed rate
ZT • Planting time
Raised beds • Crop enhancement
DSR • Residue management
Relay seeding • Weed management
Unpuddled Rice • Water management
transplant • Nutrient Management
• Planting machinery
SSNM
Laser land leveller লেসার ল্যান্ড লেভেলার কি

• It’s a supestacated modern

machine that RUN BY
automatically ইহা জমি সমান করার
অত্যাধুনিক সংয়ক্রিয় মেশিন।

• It has deviced for 4WT but recent

development for 2WTOS ইহা ৪ হুইল
ট্রাক্টর দ্বারা চালনা করা হয়।

• It could be leveled land between 30

dec to one hectare smoothly যাহা
দ্বারা ৩০ শতাংশ হতে ১ হেক্টর আকারের
জমি নিখুতভাবে সমান করা যায়।
Major parts of laser land leveler
লেসার ল্যান্ড লেভেলার বিভিন্ন অংশ
 Disadvantages of undulating land অসমতল জমির অসুবিধা কি কি

o Poor irrigation water in undulating land

সেচের পানি জমির সর্বএ সমানভাবে যায় না।
o Irrigation time requred more,
সেচে সময় বেশী লাগে।
o Reduced water loss/mis use of water,
পানির অপচয় বেশী হয়।
o Increased irrigation cost সেচ খরচ বেশী হয়।
o Poor growth of wheat and maize if excess water due to undulation
গম ও ভুট্টার বেলায় অপেক্ষাকৃত নীচু স্থানে সেচের বা বৃষ্টির পানি জমে থাকলে
গাছের সাধারণ বৃর্দ্ধি ব্যহত হয় বা গাছ বসে যায় ফলে ফলন কমে যায় এমন কি
চারা অবস্থায় মারা যেতে পারে।
o Irregular plant ripening /maturity জমির ফসল একসাথে পরিপক্ক হয না বা
পাকে না।

o Yield also not uniform for all places ফলন সর্বএ সমান হয় না।
Cost of Laser Leveled plos লেসার ল্যান্ড লেভেলার জমি সমান করার খরচ

Cost of Laser Leveled plos Tk 4000-5589/ac (USD

137.22- 191.73/ha) and

Water saved about 25-30% and Upto 50% in Maize

(Fulbari, Dinajpur)
 GROWTH OF LASER LEVELING IN PUNJAB, India

With Due Acknowledgement to CIMMYT

4500 4100
4000
Number of Laser Levellers

3500
3000
2500
2000
2000
1500
1000
1000
550
500 150
8
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Years
 India

5000
4500
5000
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1950
1500
1000 1000
500 50 250

0
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Rice Residue Management
 Knowledge Source: Conservation Agriculture (CA) &
 Input Providers
Resource Conserving Technologies
NARS, Universities, BBS, DAE, Media, (Public Sector): BARI,
(RCTs) BRRI, BJRI, BSRI,
Websites (BRKB, CKB, MoA, SRDI, FAO),
CGIAR Institutions (IRRI,CIMMYT) BINA, BADC, WRC
Private Company
Model Farmers
Machinery Manufactures
TWG : Priorities on Geographic Local Mechanics
different Seed Producers
Seed Dealer
Technologies/Machine/CA/RCTs
Fertilizer Dealer
based crop establishment
methods/cropping patterns CSISA Hub Team Irrigation (STW/DTW owner)
Pesticide Dealer

Mapping of partnership

CSISA Efforts:

 Critical inputs (Machinery)

Extension Model: Partners supply/ensure
 Technical support
DAE-ICM  Knowledge
Farmers club
GO-NGO-FG  Training materials development
CIRAD &supply
FFS/FG ToT/Training/Refresher training,
hands on training
Travelling Seminar on spot solutions
Local Service Provider Field visit
Field demonstration
ICM Club, FW, FGL, Pump Manager Monitoring, Evaluation & Feedback
Contact: Phone / Mobile / E-mail
Liaison/Linkage
Meeting

CSISA Seed Producer Farmers Marketing

Public Private Partnership

Hub Operation Model Used
Way Forward

• Leveraging New Media to Maximize our message and

reach
• Strategic tie-ups with public & private partners for creation
of Publicity Materials and
• Effective mass communication e.g Community radio,
SMS etc
Priority Technologies for Hubs domain

 Reduce till (RT) dry direct seeded rice (dry DSR) by 2WTOS
(PTOS)

 Reduce till line sowing wheat by 2WTOS(PTOS) Plus

Residue management

 Wheat on bed by 2WTO bed planter

Combined new variety with RT systems

 Line sowing Jute by RT (2WTOS ) and mini 4WT ZT MCP

 Mustard mixed boro etc
 Challenges:
 Spare parts for 2WTOS (PTOS) & bed planters at village level , identify mechanical
workshop and skill training

 Soil quality with low pH- Identification of areas by testing soil pH and ensure
liming

 Boron fertilization to ensure good yield of wheat, maize and mungbean

 Identify good herbicide molecules for Jute and MB

 Stubbles use cannot possible in most cases due to use of Cattle feed, fuel and full
uprotting of straw for tobacco cultivation

 Wheat area declined and replaced by Tobacco So need govt policy for good price
of wheat before season starts

 Introduction maize /wheat with motivatio and intercrop with tobacco….

Tobacco replaced by reduce till maize and wheat,
Nilphamari,RIB-CSISA, Dinajpur Hub 2011
Potential maize intercrop with tobacco
in hub domains of NW Bangladesh
 Acknowledgement

• CSISA-CIMMYT-IRRI- BMGF, USAID for funding and continuous support

and
• also CSISA partners like:
 BRRI RS Rangpur & Rajshahi
 BARI-WRC & RWRC Rajshahi
 DAE (ICM farmers’ club / IPM farmers’ club)
 NGOs like RIB, IC and PNGOs like SOLIDARITY, UDDYOG, BRIF, Plan
International and BOHUBRIHY
 Hubs staff
Thank You