WELCOME

SEWAGE WAER AS THE SOURCE OF

IRRIGATION AND PLANT NUTRIENTS


Guided by- Presented By-

MISS AKSHAYA GANDHI SAHZADA AMAN

Lecturer TE-Civil
Department of Civil Eng TCI 10136
INTRODUCTION
 Supplies of good quality irrigation water are expected to
decrease in future because the development of new water
resources will not keep pace with increasing water needs of
agriculture, industries and municipalities. some of these
future water needs can be met by using available water
supplies more efficiently but in many cases it will be
necessary to make increased use of municipal waste waters
and agricultural drainage water. agricultural and landscape
irrigation can offer significant opportunity for waste water
reuse in arid and semi arid regions, since 70-90% of water
resources are used for irrigation. In many countries of the
world, treated waste water is considered as an important
element in water resources planning. The sewage is a rich
source of plant nutrients and other organic wastes.
SEWAGE
 
Sewage indicates the liquid waste from the
community. It includes sludge, discharge from latrines,
urinals, stable industrial waste and also the ground
surface and storm water that may be admitted into the
sewer. It is extremely putrescible; its decomposition
produces large quantities malodorouse gases and it may
contain numerous pathogenic or disease producing
bacteria.
TYPS OF SEWAGE
 
DOMESTIC SEWAGE
It is the sewage obtained lavatory basins, urinals and water closets
of residential buildings, office buildings, theatres and other institutions.
Since it contains human excreta and urine, it is extremely foul in nature.
 
INDUSTRIAL SEWAGE
It is waste water obtained from the industrial and commercial
establishments. it may contain objectionable organic compounds that may
not be amenable to conventional treatment processes. Combination of
industrial sewage and domestic sewage together is called sanitary sewage.
 
STORM SEWAGE
It includes run off resulting from rain fall.
DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE
After conveying the waste water through sewers, the next step
is its disposal, either after treatment or even before
treatment.
 
METHODS OF DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATER

 
NATURAL METHOS
 
By dilution
 
By land treatment
ARTIFICIAL METHOD

 PRILIMINARY TREATMENT

 PRIMERY TREATMENT

 SECONDARY TREATMENT

 TERITIARY TREATMENT
DILUTION
 
The disposal of sewage by discharging it into water courses such as streams,
rivers or large body of water such as lake, sea is called dilution. While discharging the sewage in
this way care should be taken that the sewage may not pollute the natural water render it unfit for
any purpose such as drinking, bathing, fish cultivation and industrial as well as irrigation uses.
The dilution method of disposing off sewage can be favourably adopted under the
following.
 
 When the city is situated near the sea, river or lake etc..
 
 When the sewage is fresh, non-septic and free from floating and setteable solids.
 
 When the volume of receiving water is large enough to take the load of sewage safely without
causing it any pollution problems.
 
 When the dilution water has a high dissolved oxygen content(do content)
 
 When the sewage will not cause the dilution of aquatic life and contaminants of shell fish.
BY LAND TREATMENT
When the sewage is evenly spread over the surface of the
land , the method is called land treatment. The water of sewage
perculates in the grown and suspended solids remains at the
ground. The suspended solids remains at the surface of the
ground. The suspended solids are acted by the bacteria and are
partially oxidized by exposure atmospheric action of heat,
height and air. The land treatment can be classified as below

 FILTRATION
 
 BROAD IRRIGATION
 
 SEWAGE FARMIG
FILRATION AND BROAD IRRIGATION
 FILTRATION

Filtration of sewage is by strong action of ground soil and,

oxidation and biochemical action of organic matters. The complex compounds of
sewage are converted into the harmless mineral salts which serve as valuable
fertilizer. In filtration more depth of soil below the ground level taken part in the
sewage treatment.
 
 BROAD IRRIGATION
 
In this method, the sewage is stabilized by aerobic action. In this
method under drainage system is laid below ground level to collect the effluent of
sewage after filtration through the ground soil.

The under drainage system usually consist of 15cm to 20cm

diameter porous pipes which are laid open joined at the spacing of 10-30 cm. The
effluent which is unfoul can be directly disposed off into the water courses.
SEWAGE FARMING
• When the sewage is used for growing crops, it is called sewage
farming. The fertilized elements of sewage are consumed by the
root of crops. The minerals, nitrates, sulphates and phosphates are
main fertilizer constituents of sewage. The method in addition to
disposing of the sewage may also help in increasing crop yield by
30% and so.
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE
 
SURFACE IRRIGATION
 
In this method the parallel drains are constructed in the fields.
All the drains are connected to a distributery drain by means of regulatory
devices. This method is most suitable for dry areas.
 
 
SUBSOIL IRRIGATION
 
In this method a network of porous open joint pipe
is laid about 30 cm below the ground level. The sewage is allowed to flow
through these pipes, which is absorbed by the subsoil. The remaining
quantity of sewage can be used for irrigation to another place or
discharged in natural water course.
FLOODING , RIDGE AND FURROW
 
FLOODING
 
The irrigation area is divided into various parts
surrounded by dykes. The sewage is filled like small ponds in between
the dykes. The depth of sewage flooded over the fields varies from few
centimeters to 50 cm depending upon the requirement of the irrigation.
 
RIDGE AND FURROW
 
In this method the land is divided in to plots and
sub plots. Now ridge and furrow formed in each sub plots. The sewage
is allowed to flow in furrow where as crops are grown on the ridges.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
LAND IRRIGATION
ADVANTAGES OF LAND IRRIGATION
 
 The disposal of sewage is done by natural treatment.
 
 The natural water sources are prevented from pollution.
 
 This method is cheaper and dose not requires the sewage treatment plant.
 
 The land is irrigated and helps to increase the crops yield by 30% and so…
 
DISADVANTAGES OF LAND IRRIGATION
 
 Large area of land is required for this type of disposal work.
 
 During rainy season and in wet climate this method is not
Suitable.

 In this method is not properly supervisioned the land may become useless.
 
 In this method disposal attention is to be taken against the spreading of diseases.
 
 This method is not suitable for land consisting of clayey soil.
 
PLANT NUTRIENTS
 Nitrogen, phosphorus, and pottasium are often referred
to as the primary macronutrients because of the general
probability of plants being deficient in these nutrients
and the large quantities taken up from the soil relative to
other essential nutrients
EFFECT OF NITROGEN IN PLANTS
 Of all the essential nutrients, nitrogen is the one most often
limiting for crop growth. Many soils contain large amounts of
nitrogen, but most of the nitrogen is tied up in the organic
fraction and only slowly released. For most non legume crops,
some nitrogen fertilizer is required for adequate yields. Nitrogen
is available to the plant in two forms- ammonium (NH4) and
nitrate (NO3).In most soils, ammonium is quickly converted to
the nitrate form, a process called nitrification. This nitrate form is
not tightly held on soil particles and is soluble in water.
Consequently, nitrogen management is important both from a
production and environmental standpoint. On sandy soils,
nitrogen applied early in the season can be easily leached out of
the root zone with heavy rainfall or excess irrigation. Nitrogen
deficiency may result, as well as an increased potential for nitrate
contamination of the ground water.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
SEWAGE IRRIGATION
ADVANTAGES OF SEWAGE IRRIGATION
 
Disposal of waste water are possible.

 
Irrigation of agricultural lands are possible.

 
Increased crop yield.

 
Commercial crops can be easily grown on sewage farms.

 
Increased percentage of nutrients in soil.

 
DISADVANTAGES OF SEWAGE IRRIGATION
 
After continuous applications of sewage on land, the pores of the soil get clogged, preventing oxidation and causing noxious
smell. The land is unable to take any further load of sewage. This phenomenon is called sewage sickness of land.
 
Increased concentration of heavy metals in soil.

 
Toxic chemicals and pathogenic micro organisms in untreated waste water have a potential for deleterious health effects and
disease transmission. Epidermiological investigations of reuse of raw or minimally-treated waste water for food crop irrigation
provided evidence of infections disease transmission.
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONCLUSION
 By the controlled sewage irrigation, we can attain both
the safe disposal of sewage and increased crop yield. The
sewage water provides nutrients for the plants which
helps in their vegetative growth. However, waste water
irrigation should be in optimum level; otherwise the high
metal content will cause health problems and soil
sickness.
 
REFERENCES
 Bajwa,R.A Javid and N Rabbani,1999,sewage farming
and VA Mycrrohisa,nodulation & growth response of
vigna radiata to sewage irrigation.Pak.J.Plant Sci(in
prees)
 Jeferes, p,1987.Use of mycorrhiza in agriculture.CRC
Crit.Rev.Biotechnol,11:145-148
 Kardos,LT,1987.Wastwater renovation by the land-A
living filter agricultur and the quality of our environment
Ame;Assci.Advace. Sci.pp; 241-250
THANK YOU