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BAHAN ORGANIK:
BAKTERI AEROB HETEROTROPIK
Bahan organik - anorganik
Bahan organik adalah bahan yang berasal dari makhluk hidup
Contoh : humus
Material anorganik adalah mineral, material non organik
yang tidak disintesis secara biologis oleh makhluk hidup.
Contoh : kalium, natrium
Decomposition
Decomposition = Breakdown of organic matter
important for recycling of C and energy, as well as all
nutrient elements (N, P, K, etc.).
Many organisms are very beneficial in ecosystems as
decomposers.
Types of Decomposition
Abiotic processes - fire, etc.
OM + O2 CO2, etc.
Biotic processes:
Aerobic respiration
OM + O2 CO2, etc.
Anaerobic respiration
OM CH4, etc.
Organisms most directly responsible for decomposition
are bacteria and fungi.
Organisme
Heterotroph: (chemoorganotrophic) require preformed
organic nutrients to serve as sources of energy and
carbon
1. Fungi
2. Protozoa
3. Most Bacteria
CO2
carbon dioxide (CO2) about 1/3 of the organic carbon is
used to build microbial cells or
becomes part of the soil organic
matter
Plant litter
CO2
Bacteria, Fungi
Soil organic matter Nematodes, protists, humus
Organic matter decomposition
Carbon and Nitrogen Ratios
CO2
Litter 2/3 of carbon
C/N ratio released as CO2
around C/N
90:1 ratio
30:1
Immobilization
Importance of C:N ratio
With residues of high C:N, there is much
competition for the limited N available.
If C:N ratio is high:
only some organisms can decompose (some types
of bacteria and fungi, protozoan symbionts of
termites).
they use up N quickly, so N becomes tied up and
unavailable (immobilized).
Organic matter decomposition
Carbon and Nitrogen Ratios
CO2
Litter 2/3 of carbon
C/N ratio released as CO2
around C/N
9:1 ratio
3:1
Soil N
Mineralization
Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan 2006
O2 CO2
PHYTOPLANKTON
(PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
O2 CO2
MICROORGANISM
SHRIMP
BENTHOS
ORGANIC WASTE CO2,SO42-,NO3
H2S MICROORGANISM NH3
Asa
Pa De Li pH Bahan Organik
Salinit Olsen Asam m KTK
sir bu at DHL
as P2O5 huma fulv (cmol(
(%) (%) (%) (dS/m) Walkey & Kjelda
KC (mg/l) (ppm) t (%) at +)/kg)
H2O Black C hl N C/N
l (%)
(%) (%)
DECOMPOSE BACTERIA
NITROGEN CYCLE
WASTE FORM
SHRIMP
UNEATEN FEED DEATH ALGAE
CHEMOHETEROTROPHS
BACILLUS SP.
PSEUDOMONAS SP.
NITRIFICATION
NH3 NITROSOMONAS (CHEMOAUTOTROPHS)
NH4+
NO2- NITROBACTER
NO3-
ORGANIC CARBON
DENITRIFICATION
NITROGEN FIXATION NO2-
N2
HOW CAN BACTERIA BENEFIT TO FOOD CHAIN?
COMPOSTING IS A PROCESS OF MICROBIAL D
EGRADATION THAT IS OF IMPORTANCE IN TH
E RECYCLING OF ORGANIC MATTER
CILIATE
PROTOZOA
FRIENDLY
FECAL MATERIAL
BACTERIA
SLUDGE
WASTE ORGANIC MICRO-
MATTER ORGANISM
OXYGEN + M
OISTURE
AUTOTROPHIC AQUACULTURE POND
HETEROTROPHIC AQUACULTURE POND
BENEFITS OF BOTH CONDITION
ALGAE-DOMINATED BACTERIAL-DOMINATED
DRIAN-OUT