Thakral College Of Technology

Presentation On FLOODS

Submitted by Submitted to
Ketan Tarkas and group Mrs. Mythily Mahalingam
 Overflow situation
 Unusually high stage in a
river
 River overflow its banks
and inundates the adjoining
area.
 Significance: damage in
terms of life, property and
economic loss.
 Thousands of crores of
rupees are spent every year
in flood control and
forecasting.
 Heavy rainfall
 Huge snow melting
 Failures of dams,
barrages etc.,(koshi)
 Landslides causing
blockage of river
 Riverine floods
• Slow kinds: Runoff from sustained rainfall or rapid snow melt
exceeding the capacity of a river's channel. Causes include
heavy rains from monsoons, Unexpected drainage obstructions
such as landslides, ice, or debris can cause slow flooding
upstream of the obstruction.
• Fast kinds: include Flash floods which are much more
dangerous and flow much faster than regular floods. Result from
tropical storms, dam failures or excessive rain and snow.
Estuarine floods
• Commonly caused by a combination of sea tidal surges caused
by storm-force winds.
Coastal floods
• Caused by severe sea storms, or as a result of another
hazard (e.g. tsunami or hurricane).
Catastrophic floods
• Caused by a significant and unexpected event e.g. dam
breakage, or as a result of another hazard (e.g.
earthquake or volcanic eruption).
• Muddy floods
• A muddy flood is generated by run off on crop land.
 Death Toll   Event   Location   Date  
1)2,500,000-
China floods China 1931
3,700,000

2)900,000– China 1887

Yellow River (Huang He) flood
2,000,000

3)500,000– China 1938

1938 Yellow River (Huang He) flood
700,000

Banqiao Dam failure, result of Typhoon Nina.

4)231,000 China 1975
Approximately 86,000 people died from flooding
and another 145,000 died during subsequent disease.

China 1935
5)145,000 Yangtze river flood

6)More than St. Felix's Flood, storm surge Netherlands 1530

100,000

Hanoi and Red River Delta flood North Vietnam 1971

7)100,000

Yangtze river flood China 1911

8)100,000
Flood images
EFFECTS
• The damage due to flood may vary with respect to the magnitude of the
flood.
• Thus we can classify the effects as:

Primary effects
• Physical damage - Can range anywhere from bridges,cars, buildings,
sewer systems, roadways, canals and any other type of structure.
• Casualties - People and livestock die due to drowning. It can also lead to
epidemics and diseases.
Secondary effects
• Water supplies - Contamination of water. Clean drinking water becomes
scarce.
• Diseases - Unhygienic conditions. Spread of water-borne diseases
• Crops and food supplies - Shortage of food crops
can be caused due to loss of entire harvest.
• Trees - Non-tolerant species can die from
suffocation
Tertiary/long-term effects
• Economic -, rebuilding costs, food shortage
leading to price increase, temporary decline in
tourism etc.
 Greater losses due to flood
 Need for control, Measures to be taken
 No complete control of flood to zero level
 So Flood Management rather than Flood Control
 Classification of control measures
› Structural measures and 2. Non-structural measures
 Storage Reservoir
 Detentio Reservoir
 Levees
 Floodways
 Channel Improvement
 Watershed Management

 Flood Plain zoning

 Flood forecasting and Warning
 Evacuation and relocation
STORAGE RESERVOIR:
 Most reliable and effective flood control method
 Storage reservoir to absorb incoming flood
 Release in controlled way so that downstream
channels do not get flooded.
 Several reservoirs to be placed in a river for
complete flood control.
 Graph Kheichera rakhnu hai………
FLOODWAYS
 -Channels into which part of the flood will be
diverted during high stages.
 -Natural or man-made

CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT
 -Widening or deepening of channel
 -Reduction of channel roughness (clearance of
vegetation)
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
 -Aims at cutting down and delaying the runoff
before it gets into the river.
 -Check dams, contour bonding, terraces etc.
 -Improve soil infiltration capacity hence reduce
soil erosion
FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
 Identifies the flood prone areas of a river and
regulates the land use to restrict the damage due to
flood.
 Development plans are prepared
FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING
 Enables civil authority to take appropriate control
measures.
 Orbiting satellites—Pictures—Cloud growth—
rainfall prediction—flood prediction
EVACUATION AND RELOCATION
 Evacuation of communities along with their live
stocks and other valuables.
 Temporarily—Nonstructural measure, Permanent
resettlement—Structural measure
 Decrease loss burden
-Flood is on of deadliest
natural disaster.
-Preventive measures to be
taken in time.
-Better engineering
structures to prevent
flood control
-Stringent government
steps.
-Awareness on flood
disaster is required.
Team Members
 Ketan Tarkas
 Kaustubh Salunke
 Kritika Chouhan
 Kuhu Jain
 Lokesh Shrivas
 Ankit Yadav
 Ankit Mishra
 Ankit Joshi
 Ankit Bhatewara
 Juhi shrivastava
 Devesh Bhatt
 Jigyasa Singh
Special thanks to
Mrs. Mythily Mahalingam