BREATHING PROBLEM

Protocol # 6 by Adnan
 Breathing
The process of respiration, during which air is inhaled
into the lungs through the mouth or nose due to muscle
contraction, and then exhaled due to muscle
relaxation.
StructureSecond Page
Of Human Respiratory
system
1.Nose & Mouth.
2.Pharynx.
3.Larynx.
4.Trachea.
5. Bronchi.
6. Bronchioles.
7. Lungs.
8. Alveoli.
Difficulty in breathing may occur due to:

Problems in the lungs:

•Acute pulmonary oedema:

Pulmonary edema is a condition in which
fluid accumulates in the lungs.

•Asthma: Respiratory condition caused

by narrowing of the airways.

•Congestive heart failure:

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a
condition in which the heart's function as
a pump is inadequate to deliver oxygen
rich blood to the body.

•Continue......
•Emphysema (COAD): Chronic
Obstructive Airways Disease. Chronic
lung disease in which there is permanent
destruction of alveoli.

•Pneumonia :It is an inflammation of

the lung, usually caused by an infection

•Pulmonary embolus: blockage in a

lung artery due to blood clot in lungs.
Problems in the Upper
Airway:
•Allergic reaction:It affects respiratory
system.

•Choking: Partial or complete

obstruction of the airway it can be due to
foreign body .

•Croup : a respiratory problem that

occurs mainly in children due to an
infection in airway.

•Epiglottitis: It is inflammation of the

epiglottis - the flap that sits at the base of
the tongue, which keeps food from going
into the trachea (windpipe).

•Tracheitis: Is a common infection that

is caused by bacterial buildup in the
trachea and can cause airway obstruction
Problems NOT in the Lungs or Airway:
•Cardiac arrest: Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of cardiac function, when the
heart abruptly stops beating.

•Diabetic ketoacidosis : High blood glucose with the presence of ketones in

the urine and blood stream, often caused by taking too little insulin or during
illness.

•Drug/substance abuse: When a drug wears off, very large doses can cause a
person to stop breathing and result in death.

•Fits: Fitts causes the body and brain to swell and this can lead breathing
problem.

•Heart attack: A heart attack is when low blood flow causes the heart to starve
for oxygen. Heart muscle dies or becomes permanently damaged.

•Hyperventilation syndrome: HVS is a respiratory disorder, psychologically or

physiologically based, involving breathing too deeply or too rapidly

•Respiratory Arrest :It is a medical condition in which a person has stopped

breathing, though the heart is still beating.

• Stroke:
•Some of the signs of major stroke are difficulty in breathing
Case Entry Questions:
3. Okay, tell me exactly what happened.

Some important terminologies used by attendents are:

• Shortness of breath.
• Breathlessness.
• Difficulty breathing.
• Dyspnea.
• Hypoventilation.
• Hyperventilation.
• Oxygen Saturation.
• Pulmonary.
• Tracheotomy.
• Ventilator.
• Stoma.
• Cyanosis.
Key Questions:
1. Is s/he completely alert (responding appropriately)?
2. Does s/he have difficulty speaking (crying) between beaths?

3. Is s/he changing colour?

a. (Yes) Describe the colour change.

Continue.....
4. Is s/he clammy (cold sweats)?
5. Does s/he have astma?
a. (Yes) Does s/he have a prescribed inhaler?
i. (Yes) Has s/he used it yet?
6. (Tracheostomy blockage) Does s/he any special
equipment or instructions to treat this?
a. (Yes) Have they been used?
 Normal Breathing Rate
Age Breaths per 10 sec.

New born 5 -10

6 – 12 months 4–5

1 – 5 yrs 3–5

6 – 12 yrs 2–4

Above 12 yrs 2-3

Post Dispatch Instructions
a. (Patient medication requested and alert)
Remind her/him to do what her/his doctor has instructed for
these situations.
b. (Prescribed inhaler not yet used) Advise her/his to
use the inhaler now.
c. (Special equipment/instructions not yet used)
Advise her/him to use that treatment now.
d. Monitor and maintain patient's airway, especially if patient is
nauseous or vomiting. Keep airway clear.
b. Calm and reassure the patient. Tell the patient to relax and
slow their breathing,
c. Do not place pillow under the patient’s head.
d. Do not give food or drink.
e. Let patient assume position of comfort (usually sitting-up).
f. Keep the patient warm (maintain body temperature).
g. Gather or list the patient's medication for the doctor.
h. Call back if the patient's condition changes before help
arrives.
Gender Wise Report

23%

41%
Male
Female
Childern

36%
 Level Wise Report
1978
2000
1800
1600
1346
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200 52
0
Echo Delta Charli
 Station Wise Report
Malir 446

Bin Qasim 445

Korangi 537

Gulshan 0

Gulberg 468

North Karachi 424

North Nazimabad 397

Site 205

Clifton 204

Baldia 180

P.E.C.H.S 70
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
 Origin Wise Report
2500

2097
2000

1500

1056
1000

500
209
2 1 11
0
Hosp - Hosp Home - Hosp Hosp - Home Roadside - Hosp Already First aid
transfered/Exp
Best Experiances:
Call No.1:
Date: 2-2-11 EC #: 105819 Shift : Morning
Call duration: 7 min Area: Korangi Code: 6-
D-2
P.Name: Uzma Age: 20 y Breaths:
16/10 sec
Condation: Concsious but hyperventilation patient

Call No.2:
Date: 15-2-11 EC #: 109843 Shift :
Morning
Call duration: 12 min Area: Muzafarabad Code: 6-
D-2
P.Name: Haseena Age: 5y Breaths:
10/10 sec
Condation: Concsious but dificulty in speaking
 Thank You

By: Lubna Haseeb