HEADACHE

Protocol # 18

Prepared By:
“Jawad Ahmed”
“LIFE IS LONG HEADACHE IN
NOISY STREET”
 HEADACHE
A pain in the head with the pain being above the eyes or the ears, behind the head
(occipital), or in the back of the upper neck. Pain in the head. Headache is also called
“cephalalgia”.
Causes
Common cold
Flu
Ear infection
Sinus infection
Coughing - too much coughing can cause a form of traction headache.
Infection

Symptoms of Headache
 

 Confusion
 Memory problems
 Headaches Vision problems
Types Of Headache:
There are 2 types of headache.
1.Primary Headache
 Tension headache
 Migraine
 Cluster headache
 Sinus headaches
2.Secondary Headache
 Meningitis
 Hypertension
 Post-traumatic
 Berry aneurysm
 Epidural haemotoma
 Subdural haemotoma
 Intracerebral haemorrhage
 Subarachnoid haemorrhage
 others
 “Primary Headache”
1.Tension headache
A tension headache is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck, usually
associated with muscle tightness in these areas.

Symptoms:
Dull, pressure-like (not throbbing)
A tight band or vise on the head
Prevention: 
Keep warm if the headache is associated with cold.
Use a different pillow or change sleeping positions.
Practice good posture when reading, working, or doing other
activities.
Exercise the neck and shoulders frequently when typing, working
on computers, or doing other close work.
Get plenty of sleep and rest.
2. Migraine:
A severe recurring headache, usually affecting only one side of the head .
Also called migraine.A migraine is a very painful type of headache. People.
Who get migraines often describe the pain as pulsing or throbbing in one area
of the head.

Symptoms:
 Chills
 Increased urination
 Fatigue
 Nausea and vomiting
 Numbness, weakness
 Sensitivity to light or sound
 Sweating
 Increased need for sleep
Prevention:
Avoid smoking
Avoid alcohol
Get regular exercise
Get plenty of sleep each night
 3.Cluster headache:
A cluster headache is one-sided head pain that may involve tearing
of the eyes and a stuffy nose.

Symptoms:
 Swelling under or around the eye (may affect both eyes)
 Excessive tearing
 Red eye
 Rhinorrhea (runny nose) or one-sided stuffy nose (same side as the
head pain)

Prevention:
If prone to cluster headache, stop smoking. Alcohol use and any
foods that are associated with cluster headache may need to be avoided.
4. Sinus headaches:
Sinus headaches are headaches that may accompany sinusitis, a condition in which the
membranes lining your sinuses become swollen and inflamed. You may feel pressure around
your eyes, cheeks and forehead. Perhaps your head throbs. Although these can indicate sinus
headache.

Symptoms:
 Pain, pressure and fullness in your cheeks, brow or forehead
 Pain may worsen when bending forward or lying down
 Yellow-green or blood-tinged nasal discharge
 Sore throat
 Fever
 Cough
 Fatigue

Prevention
To reduce the risk of sinusitis, keep your sinuses healthy
Wash your hands often. Soap and water can help you avoid the upper respiratory
infections that can lead to sinusitis.
Avoid cigarette, cigar and pipe smoke. These and other air
Pollutants can cause your sinus membranes to swell
 “Secondary Headache”
1.Meningitis
Meningitis is inflammation of the thin tissue
that surrounds the brain and spinal cord,
called the meninges.

Symptoms:
A sudden fever
A severe headache
A stiff neck
2.Hypertension:
Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure. Blood pressure is a
measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as the heart pumps blood
through the body.

Symptoms:
 Confusion
 Headache
 Irregular heartbeat
 Nosebleed
 Vision changes
 Chest pain
 Excessive tiredness
 Nausea and vomiting
 Shortness of breath
 Significant sweating
3.Post-Traumatic Headache
Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is headache that occurs after an injury. Most commonly, it occurs following a
head injury.Post-traumatic headache is caused by another condition, head and/or neck injury, it is considered
a secondary headache disorder.

Symptoms:
 balance problems
 memory problems
 concentration problems
 problems performing multiple tasks at the same time
 sleep disturbances
Prevention:
Avoid smoking.
Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products while
reducing total and saturated fat intake.
Exercise regularly.
If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar under control.
Lose weight if you are overweight.
Try to manage your stress.
4.Cerebral Aneurysm
Aneurysms that occur in an artery in the brain are called cerebral aneurysms. They are sometimes
called berry aneurysms because they are often the size of a small berry. Most cerebral aneurysms
produce no symptoms until they become large, begin to leak blood, or rupture.
 5.Epidural hematoma:
Epidural hematoma (Epi-door-ul hem-a-to-ma), or blood clot at
the covering of the brain.

Symptoms :
 severe headache
 dizziness,
 vomiting,
 sudden weakness in an arm or leg.
 decreased level of consciousness
 drowsiness,
 Shortness of breath
 gasping for air or very slow breathing can be a warning
sign that the person needs help.
Prevention:
Always use safety equipment at work and play to reduce
your risk of a head injury. For example, use hard hats,
bicycle or motorcycle helmets, and seat belts. Older
individuals should be particularly careful to avoid falls.
 6.Subdural hematoma:
A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood on the surface of the brain.
Symptoms: 
Confused speech
Difficulty with balance or walking
Headache
Loss of consciousness
Nausea and vomiting
Numbness
Seizures
Slurred speech
Visual disturbances
Weakness
 7.Intracerebral Hemorrhage:
An intracerebral hemorrhage is bleeding in the brain caused by the breaking (rupture) of a blood vessel
in the head.
causes:
 Hypertension
 Aneurysm
 Head trauma
 Bleeding disorders
 Tumors
Symptoms:
 headache, nausea, and vomiting
 lethargy or confusion
 Difficulty breathing
 loss of consciousness
 temporary loss of vision
 Seizures
Prevention:
Identification and successful treatment would
prevent hemorrhage.
 8.Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Causes:
 Subarachnoid hemorrhage can be caused by:
 Bleeding disorder
 Bleeding from a cerebral aneurysm
 Head injury
Symptoms:
 Sudden or decreased consciousness and alertness
 Difficulty or loss of movement or feeling
 Muscle aches (especially neck pain and shoulder pain)
 Nausea and vomiting
 Seizure
 Stiff neck
Prevention:
Identification and successful treatment would prevent
hemorrhage.
WHAT SHOULD EMDS UNDERSTAND?
The EMD should be confirm:
 The alertness.
 Sudden severe onset of pain
 Numbness or paralysis
Instructions Commonly Provided:
 Monitor and maintain patient's airway, especially if patient is nauseated or vomiting.
 Allow patient to assume a comfortable position.
 Do not give the patient anything to eat or drink.
 Gather or list the patient's medications for the doctor.
 Call back if the patient's condition changes before help arrives.
 Gender Wise Calls
Dated: 18th Oct 10 TO 31st Jan11

18

Male
25 Female
Child

Data Collected By Data Analysis

 Level Wise Call Distribute
35
31
30

25

20

15

10
9
5
0 4
0
Delta
Charli
Bravo
Alpha
 Area Wise Distribute

12 11

10 9

8
6
6
4 4
4 3
2 2 2
2 1

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S o n
M a ra b ra ab o a C . i ft
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No rth O
No
QUESTONS