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ANNEX VII
A COMPARISON OF DISTRIBUTED CHP/DH
WITH LARGE SCALE CHP/DH
Paul Woods
Oliver Riley
Objectives of Study
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
Scenarios
The heat and power demands of the buildings within a generic city
could be met by:
© 2002 Novem 3
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
Scenarios
© 2002 Novem 4
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
© 2002 Novem 5
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
90
80
70
60
Increasing
Frequency
size of city
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 re
15 17 20 22 25 27 30 32 35 37 40 42 45 47 50 52 55 57 60 62 65 67 70 72 75 77 80 82 85 87 90 92 95 97 100 102 105 107 110 112 115 117 120 M o
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
123
Institutions
Domestic
Commercial 228
93
296
1,517
731
© 2002 Novem 7
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
Euro/kW installed
628 755 859 1,506 2,940
(Euro k/kW)
Electrical efficiency
54% 53% 46% 35% 11%
(NCV)
Thermal efficiency
35% 35% 38% 49% 85%
(NCV)
© 2002 Novem 8
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
200,000
800,000 100,000 Jul
-
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 Aug
600,000 Hour of Day
Sep
Oct
400,000
Nov
200,000 Dec
Diversified
Undiversified
0
0 584 1168 1752 2336 2920 3504 4088 4672 5256 5840 6424 7008 7592 8176 8760
Number of hours per year
© 2002 Novem 9
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
3000
2500
2000
GWh
1500
1000
500
0
City-wide District Local Building Alternative
© 2002 Novem 10
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
GWh
1000
500
-500
0
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
City-wide District Local Building Alternative
© 2002 Novem 11
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
1.40
1.20
MT CO2 per annum
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
WHOLE CITY INNER CITY OUTER CITY
© 2002 Novem 12
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
-€ 500,000
-€ 1,000,000
NPV (x1000)
-€ 1,500,000
-€ 2,000,000
-€ 2,500,000
-€ 3,000,000
-€ 3,500,000
WHOLE CITY INNER CITY OUTER CITY
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
Conclusions
City-Wide CHP (400MWe CCGT)
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
Conclusions
District CHP (70MWe CCGT)
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
Conclusions
Local CHP (circa 5MWe SIGE)
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
District Heating and Cooling, including the integration of CHP
Conclusions
Building CHP (15kWe Stirling to 2MWe SIGE)
© 2002 Novem 17