Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Horizontal
force
Bournoulli
force
Internal pressurization
Expandability
EF-Scale Development has a wide range of
participation
• Led by Wind Science
and Engineering
Center, Texas Tech
University, 7-8 March
2001
• Objectives
– Representative group of
users
– ID key issues
– Make recommendations
– Develop a strategy
EF-Scale Damage Indicators (DIs)
250
EXP
200 LB
(mph)
UB
150
EXP: Design
Wind Speed
100
50
exhibits typical
construction
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
DOD
M0.7
M0.6
EF-Scale
0 1 2 3 4 5
EF5
F5
EF4
EF3 F4 B17
EF2
EF1
B11 F3
B9 EF0
F2
B7
B5 F1
B1 B3 F0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Fujita Scale
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0.6 1.0
Beaufort Scale Mach Scale
Rating a DI with the EF-Scale
• Identify the DI
http://meted.ucar.edu/resource/wcm/ftp/FinalNWSF-scaleAssessmentGuide.pdf
Rating a tornado event – exceeding your
maximum rating possible?
EF3^
EF4^
• EF-Scale • F Scale
– 28 DIs – Only a Couple DIs
– Accounts for differences of – No accounting for differences of
structural integrity within a DI structural integrity within a DI
– Wind speeds determined from – Wind speeds not derived from
damage damage
– Continuity from the F-scale
– Expandibility, Flexibility,
Extensibility
1
Large Isolated Retail Building – DI 12 LIRB
Large Isolated Retail Building – DI 12 LIRB
• DODs
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6
• 7
Trial Survey: point 2
2
Metal Building System (MBS)
Metal Building System (MBS)
• DODs
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6
• 7
• 8
• 9
• 10
Site 2
Trial Survey
3
Hardwood Tree, TH
Mobile Home Double Wide, MHDW
3A
3B
Hardwood Tree (TH)
• DODs
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
Site 3A
Mobile Home Double Wide, MHDW
DODs
•
1
•
2
•
3
•
4
•
5
•
6
•
7
•
8
•
9
•
10
•
11
•
12
•
Site 3B
Trial Survey
2
3
4
House (FR12)
• DODs
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6
• 7
• 8
• 9
• 10
Site 4
Trial Survey: Rate the whole tornado
4
For More Information
http://www.wdtb.noaa.gov/courses/EF-scale