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MONIEZIASIS
Cause: Moniezia expansa
Moniezia benedini
Sensitive animal:
M. benedini: cattle (main host) & others ruminants
M. expansa: sheep,goat,cattle,& others ruminants
Predilection: Small intestine
Route of infections:
Ingested by cysticercoid mites
(fam: Oribatidae) together with the grass
Pathogenicity:
- Young animals (< 6 bl) very sensitive.
- The degree of infections depend on the amount of
cysticercoid
- Enteritis
Clinical symptoms:
Its not so clear in general,weakness&thin
Acute: Intoxication because of toxin produced by the
excretion of the adult worm
Mild infections: Gastrointestinal disturbance (indigesti)
& inhibited of the bodies growth
Heavy infections: Anaemia, watery diarrhea, inhibited
of the bodies growth, for the young cattle it must be fatal
Diagnoses
Fecal examination Eggs or
Segment/proglottids
Egg of M. benedini
Control by:
Dichlorophene 300-600 mgs/kgs BW
Yomesan 75 mgs/kgs BW
Control for the mites, photophobia is the
characteristic of mites.
CYSTICERCOSIS CELLULOSE
CYSTICERCOSIS BOVIS
CAUSE:
Larva Taenia solium / Larva T. saginata
PREDILECTION&HOST:
Striated muscles, such as m.lingualis, inner parts of m.masseter,
muscles of shoulder, muscles of abdomen, diaphragma, mesenterium,
pulmo, cor, ren, eyes, and brain of pig (very sensitive parts),
cattle,dog ,cat,sheep,monkey,deer, and human.
ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :
by ingest the eggs of T. solium / T. saginata
EPIZOOTIOLOGY :
* Zoonotic characteristics
* in Indonesia it be found at: Bali, North Sumatera
(Tapanuli), Tanah Toraja and Papua
CLINICAL SYMPTOM:
Pig :
- Heavy infections : Hipersensitivity of the nostril, repeat
edly rub the nostril on to the wall/floor. Convultion the
tongue, striated muscles
- Mild infection: not so clear
~ Dog :
Similar as rabies
~ Human :
- Cerebral cysticercosis : Disturbances of balanced
Disturbances of visual
Epileptiform
- Opthalmic cysticercosis : Blindness
PATHOLOGYS OF CHANGES :
Oedema inside the predilection
Anaemia
Meningoencephalitis
Choroidae atrophy
DIAGNOSES :
⇨ Observe the clinical symptom: hipersensitivity
at the nostril of pig
⇨ ante-mortem examinations at the tongue of pig
⇨ post-mortem examinations at the site of predilec
tion
⇨ examinations by radiologies
⇨ examinations by serologic: sero-precipitation,
sero-aglutination, allergy test diagnostic = intra
dermal reaction
PREVENTION :
- to break the life cycles/ : hygienis defecations
location for human beeing
- treatments for sufferer taeniasis patients
- Beeing kept the pig intensively & hygienis
- to examinations pork and beef routinely
- Well cooked the pork and beef
- Freezing the meats which contaminated by
cysticercosis at 8 – 10°C for 4 days
- Salted meat with concentration of 20 % for 3–4
wks
- Stamping out all meats infected by cysticercosis
DIPYLLIDIASIS
Cause: Dipyllidium caninum
Predilections&Host:Small intestine dog,cat,
human (seldom)
Transmission: ingested by Cysticercoid
mites or dog lice
Pathogenesis:
Inside the small intestine, cause of interference
TREATMENT:
- Quinacrine hydrobromide (=mepacrine)
- Yomesan
- Arecoline hydrobromide
- Dichlorophen
PREVENTION :
by cooking fishes before consumed
TAENIASIS
CAUSE : Taenia solium & Taenia saginata
PREDILECTION & HOST:
Small intestine of human
ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION:
Ingest of Cysticercus cellulose or Cysticercus bovis
from pork / beef , because of meat processing is not
completelly accurate
EPIDEMY :
HOST
INTERMEDIATE HOST:
⇨ Davainea Proglotina : soil snail (slug) from genus
Limax, Arion, Cepoea and Agrolimax
⇨ Raillietina tetragona : Musca domestica and ant
from genus Tetramorium and Pheidole
⇨ Raillietina echinobothrida : ant : Tetramorium
caespitum and Pheidole vinelandica
⇨ Raillietina cesticillus : Musca domestica and
beetles
⇨Amoebotaenia sphenoides : Earth
worm from genus Eisenia, Pheretina
ocnerodritus, and Allobophora
⇨Choanotaenia infundubulum :
Musca domestica and beetle:
Geotripus, Aphodius, Calathus dan
Tribolium
PATHOGENICITY INFECTION OF AVIAN
CESTODES:
- Pathogenicity of each species be different
- D.proglotina : the tiny size but most pathogen
penetration very deep at intestine mucosae
cause of enteritis and often cause of
bleeding for heavy infection.
- R. tetragona and R. echinobothrida also pathogen after
D. proglotina. Young worms penetrated deepest into
the mucosae and sub mucosae of the duodenum
cause of nodules. Nodules cavum peritoneum,
consist of tissue necrotic and leucocyte. First stage :
young worm be found hang up inside the lumen of
small intestine. Mature worm be found at a part of
posterior small intestine
- Other species is not dangerous.
CLINICAL SYMPTOM:
⇨ Avian / young bird often infected
⇨ Anorexia, listless, often trifty, weakness and easy to be
fatigue, thin and anemia.
⇨ Heavy infection : cause of death at young animals
⇨ Decrease of eggs production at laying hens
⇨ D proglotina : cause of diarrhea, faeces mixed with
blood, seldom occur of nervous attacks at a part or
totally but not clear