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- The first five year plan accorded pride of place to programme
for agriculture and community development.

- The increase in agricultural production which has taken place

since 1952-53 has helped to end inflation

- The index of agricultural production, with 1949-50 as -

base, stood at 96 in 1950-51. It stood at 114 in 1953-54 and
1954-55, and is 115 in 1955-56

-Inthe First Plan, M

M

 
 M 

 
 =

 

= 

V ày the end of the Second Plan, the index of agricultural

production (base-1949-50) rose to 135

V During the Second Plan, two years out of five² 1957-58 and
1959-60²were unfavorable, and the overall increase in
agricultural production amounted to about 16 per cent.

V The third phase in India's economic development is identified

predominantly as the 
    launched in 1967-68

V Punjab begun producing an abundance of wheat.

V Emphasis was on becoming self reliant in agriculture and

industry.
=

 

= 
V =gricultural output during the 4th Plan reached a new high
with successful research in plant breeding, using foreign
genetic material, and use of high-yield (HY) varieties of
cereal seeds.

V Greater demand for and increasing the use of chemical

fertilisers, insecticides and other inputs.

V The plan also focused on swadeshi (self-reliance) with

respect to agricultural production and defense.

V The growth rate in the agricultural and allied sector is 3.94

per cent.

V Increase in HYV area and fertiliser demands

=

 

= 

V The National àank for =griculture and Rural Development

(N=à=RD) was set up.

V =ll these steps led to a quantum jump in the productivity

and production of crops such as wheat and rice

V The gains were consolidated during the Sixth Five Year

Plan period (1980-85) when 
 
 M

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V The

M in 


  

that of the
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V Rajiv Gandhi introduced organisational innovations like
Technology Missions, which resulted in a rapid rise in
oilseed production.

V The Mission approach involves concurrent attention to

conservation, cultivation, consumption, and commerce.

V Rain-fed areas and wastelands received greater attention

and a Wasteland Development àoard was set up.

V During the Seventh plan, disbursement of agriculture

credit through cooperatives, commercial and regional rural
banks Cooperative
M
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increased from M      M
   
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V Darge investments were made for the development of
research system under the aegis of the h
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V = significant increase in the use of modern inputs leading

to higher productivity and production.

V =gricultural Credit is disbursed through a multi-agency

network consisting of Cooperatives, Commercial àanks
and Regional Rural àanks(RRàs)
=

 

= 

V !peration Flood Programmes started1970 which

strengthened the cooperative institutions and
infrastructure facilities

V The major achievements under foodgrain crops is the

release of hybrid varieties of rice for commercial cultivation
in different States

V = number of improved breeds of cattle and poultry such as

Frieswal and C=RI-Gold were also evolved.
›
 =
= number of agricultural development programmes have
been sponsored.

V Intensive =gricultural District Programme (I=DP)

V Small and Marginal Farmers¶ Development Programmes

(SMFDP)

V Extension efforts of the Indian Council of =gricultural

Research through its research Institutes and the State
=gricultural University were largely limited to demonstration
of new technologies through such programmes as
V !perational Research Project,
V Dab to Dand Programme
V Krishi Vigyan Kendras.
-



V The growth rate of India GDP was 9.4% in 2006-
2007.

V The agricultural sector contributed around 18.6%

to India GDP in 2005.

V =verage size of the farms is very small which in

turn has resulted in low productivity

V Not adopted modern technology and agricultural

practices.

V Insufficient irrigation facilities, dependence on

rainfall, which is however very unpredictable.
h

 

V More than half the increase in the area benefiting
from minor irrigation occurred during the first two
years of the plan.

V Considerable progress has been made in several

States, notably, in àihar, Uttar Pradesh, West
àengal, Punjab, =ssam, àombay, Madras and
Mysore.

V The benefits of irrigation are realized to a greater

extent when combined with the use of fertilizers.
V Irrigation in India has been a high priority in
economic development since 1951; more than 50
percent of all public expenditures on agriculture
have been spent on irrigation alone.

V The land area under irrigation expanded from 22.6

million hectares in FY 1950 to 59 million hectares in
FY 1990, an increase of 161 percent in four
decades

V The overall strategy has been to concentrate public

investments in surface systems, such as large
dams, long canals, and other large-scale works
requiring huge outlays of capital over a period of
years.
V The most ambitious of these projects was the h

M
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!MM, with an anticipated completion date of
close to 1999. The Indira Gandhi Canal is the India¶s
longest irrigation canal.

V The main multipurpose projects constituting the major

Indian dams are the 4
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(  in !rissa, the
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Project in àihar and àengal, the - MM

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in =ndhra Pradesh and Karnataka

V =t independence, in 1947, there were fewer than 300

large dams in India and by the year 2000 the number
had grown to over 4000
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V Number of Villages (1991 Census) - 593,732

V Villages Electrified (30 May 2006) - 488,173

V Several state governments in India provide

electricity at subsidized rates or even free to
some sections. This includes for use
in agriculture and for consumption by backward
classes.

V Hydroelectric power projects àhakra Nangal

V The Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana
(RGGVY)± Scheme for Rural Electricity
Infrastructure & Household Electrification
launched on 4th =pril, 2005

V !bjective of providing access to electricity to all

households and improving rural electricity
infrastructure

V Jharkhand, àihar, Uttar Pradesh, !rissa,

Uttranchal, Madhya Pradesh etc are some of
the states where significant number (more than
10%) of villages are yet to be electrified.





V Through the national highways act it became
centralized subject and Central Govt. took over.

V State road transportation corporations were

formed and local road building became a state
responsibility during first plan.

V Road network in India is one of the most

extensive in the world, amounting to 3.314
million

V The National Highways extending over 66,754

km act as the main road network in the country.





V àorder Road Development board was created in fifth
year plan.

V Shift from labor intensive road construction to

mechanized road construction.

V Focus on the North East Zone was therewith 2500KM

of road to be built.

V Completion of Golden Quadrilateral, North South and

East West corridors.

V PMGSY was setup 2001-2005

V NH=I 1980
 



ercent
N Dength Total Dength =s of
Segment Completed
o Completed (km) (km) (date)
( )
elhi- 31 ec
1. 1451 1453 99.86 [1]
olkata 9
Chennai- 31 ec
. 1 7 1 9 98.45 [ ]
Mumbai 9
olkata- 31 ec
3. 16 9 1684 95.55 [3]
Chennai 9
Mumbai-
4. 1419 1419 1 Nov 6 [4]
elhi

31 ec
Total 5749 5846 98.34 [5]
9
 =h
=
V Indian Railways has one of the largest and busiest rail
networks in the world.

V ày 1947, the year of India's independence, there were forty-

two rail systems.

V In 1951 the systems were nationalized as one unit,

becoming one of the largest networks in the world.

V The total route length of the network is 63,465 km

(39,435 mi).

V =bout 28% of the route-kilometer and 40% of the total track

kilometer is electrified
 
 
h=-
V The concept of self reliance was adopted in
third five year plan.
V It was Govt. commitment to reduce its
dependence on foreign aid.
V In the field of self reliance, India has two
achievements:
1. country is now almost self sufficient in food.
2. the growth of Iron and Steel, machine tool
and heavy engineering industries.
hm h=
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 hm h=
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V In First plan, the Industrial development in
India was confined largely to the °

 °

  




 

°




 

 


V The First plan did not envisage any large scale

programmes of industrialization accordingly,
only Rs. 55 Crore out of the total expenditure of
Rs 1,960 Crore in First plan was spent on
Industries and minerals.
hm h=
 -

V The Second plan expenditure on industries and
minerals was hiked to the Rs 938 Crore under
this plan which was 20.1% of the total
expenditure of Rs 4,672 Crore.

V In Third plan expenditure on industries was

1,726 Crore which was 20.1%of the total
expenditure of Rs 8,577 Crore under the plan.
 hm h=
 -

V Inthe Fourth plan the total expenditure of

Rs 15,779 Crore ,industry received
2,864 Crore i.e. 18.2 percent of total.

V In the Fifth plan the expenditure on

industries was hiked to 22.8% ,which was
8,989 Crore .
 hm h=
 -

V In the Sixth plan , optimum utilization of existing

capacities and improvement of productivity ,
enhancement of manufacturing capacity special
attention to the capital goods industry and
electronics industry ,improvement in energy
efficiency , etc .

V In the Sixth plan the total expenditure of Rs

1,09,292 Crore ,industry received 15,002 Crore
i.e. 13.7 percent of total.
hm h=
 -

V In Seventh plan expenditure on industries was
25,971 Crore which was 11.9%of the total
expenditure of Rs 2,18,730 Crore under the plan.

V Industrial production was targeted to grow at the

rate of 8.7% per annum. The actual average rate
of growth during the Seventh plan work out at
8.5%per annum.

V In the eight plan the expenditure on industries was

40,623 Crore which was 8.4%of the total
expenditure of Rs 4,85,457 Crore under the plan.

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Year 1950-51 1980-81 2005-06 2006-07

Production of finished 1.04 6.82 44.5 55.2
steel (m.t.)
consumption of finished --- --- 39.2 44.3
steel (m.t.)
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Economic growth also tends to be higher in wealthier states

in the south and west such as Gujarat and Maharashtra
than poorer states like àihar, !rissa, and Uttar Pradesh in
the north and east

over 60 percent of Indian children are stunted or

underweight or a combination of the aforesaid
Source: India: Undernourished Children: = call for Reform
and =ction
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China 31 Medium
Pakistan 45 Medium
Nepal 58 Dow
India 62 Dow
àangladesh 67 Dow
Zimbabwe 74 Dow Source: World àank
PHI is a new composite indicator ± the Poverty and Hunger Index (PHI) ±
developed to measure countries¶ performance towards halving poverty
and hunger by 2015. The PHI combines all five official MDG1 indicators,

a) the proportion of population living on less than US$ 1/day,

b) poverty gap ratio,
c) share of the poorest quintile in national income or consumption,
d) prevalence of underweight in children under five years of age, and
e) the proportion of population undernourished.
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 Failure of Planning :-
V Introduction

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 Important area of Failure in Agriculture:-
Agriculture:-

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Important area of Failure in Agriculture (cont):-
(cont):-

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Important area of Failure in Industry sector:-
sector:-

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 |ain Failures of Economic Planning :-
:-

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V "5, '(    '  '' 3     2
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 pome Explanations for Failures:-
;Failure of implementation
F&( '

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5;Inappropriate Development ptrategies
F*
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.  
';Growth Orientation

;Comprehensiveness

e) Democratic Planning & the Federal political ptructure

Conclusion:-
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ieferences:-

V 2'52'

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V 25  
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Thank You!!!!