To All Delegates Attending

Parallel Session on
„
 
 


 
   
  

 


 
 R o are Refugees?
In common usage a refugee is an :

Illegal Migrant,

Non-national,

Migrants,

Semi-nations,

Undocumented

Asylum Seekers

Miscellaneous terms in various references

UNHCR Convention (1951)

³A refugee is a person w o is outside er country of origin and
genuinely risks serious uman rig ts abuses because of w o s e is
or w at s e believes. S e cannot or will not return because er
government cannot or will not protect er«.´
 R at are t eir rig ts?

Protection against discrimination

Freedom of religious

Rork rig ts

Housing, education and relief operations

Protection against penalties for illegal entry

Freedom of Movement

For Compre ensive List of Articles ( 1 to 46) UNHCR

Convention Relating to t e Status of Refugees,1951,
www.un cr.org
T e Objectives of t e Paper are to examine :

Complex C aracter of Globalization in t e context of India t at remains

t e largest economic laboratory in Sout Asia.

T e nature of skilled and semi skilled workers of transnational

c aracter and criteria for global economy.

Role of Human Rig t Agencies to promote multifaceted socio-et nic

relations and t e protection of yper national identity.

India¶s muc acclaimed liberal democratic traditions and t e rig ts of

citizens ip

Role of global agencies, and associated uman rig t bodies to frame

transnational policies, sanctions, admissions, treaties and status.

T e c aracter of critical demograp ic data.

Vote Banking and religious status of Hindu vs Muslim refugees in India

Role of NGOs and academic bodies to project t e true image of refugees

Agreement and disagreement between dialogue of globalization and

et no-cultural diversities to admit/accept Banglades is in India.

India¶s image in UN including t e world public opinion

 Towards t e T eories of Migration
T eory one :

Unwanted (non productive force -Palestinians in

Israel )

Rejected ±socially boycotted like Bi aris in

Banglades
T eory two :

Mandate ( loosely documented like Afg anis,

Burmese, Iranians, Somalis, Sudanese and ot ers in
India)

Non-Mandate ( Undocumented Like Banglades is,

Tibetans, Sri Lankan, & ot ers)
 Refugees ± A Brief History

Two Nation T eory

1947: Partition and
independence

Hindus as minorities,
India during Colonial P ase:
Atlas s ows Pakistan and left after 1947
Banglades (East Pakistan) as part
of Indian continent
1971 Pak army
campaigned to crus
t e nationalist
Movement

1971: Bi aris in India
Post-Independent India collaborated Pak army
against India
 December 1971 total 825 Refugee camps & 9.8 million refugees
in different parts of India

˜
Refugee- A Brief History

1973-74 UN Relief
Operation in D aka &
Karac i
1975 : Assassination of
S eik Muziburre man
(Hindus were forced to
Leave country-
communal flare)
1975-1986 : Influx of
C akma Refugees in
India
1992 :Babri Mosque
demolition
9/11 :Episode
 Classification of Banglades i
Refugees in India
Budd ists (C akma,Marma,K eyang,and C ak)-Geograp ically Boycotted

T e Picture s ows t e
pat etic story of C akmas
at Assam (left one) w ile t e
rig t one s ows an untraced
Banglades i beggar in
Assam, t e Nort East
Province of India 
  


Reference : The Statesman (New Del i), 27 July 2002

 Ot er Categories

Hindus (Tipara)- Religiously boycotted

C ristians (Bawm, Pank ua, and Lus ei)-

Bible Fellows ip Missions (Nort East India)

Muslims (Bengalis) Economically boycotted

Animism (Mro, Tanc angya, Reang, and

K umi)

Non-identified tribal groups

Reference : Ross Mallick, §evelopment, Ethnicity and Human Rights in South Asia (New
Del i), Sage publications, 1998), table 6.4, P.181.
 Table of Refugee Population in India as on 01.01.2003

Source: Data extracted from ndia Today (Del i), 28(7), 7 Feb.2003, p.11.

 


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Refugee Studies: An Emerging Interest of International Relations

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 REFUGEE STUDIES IN INDIA


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REFUGEE STUDIES IN
BANGLADESH

Banglades Institute of Development Studies, D aka

Banglades Institute of Law and International Affairs, D aka

Department of International Relations, University of D aka.

 Human Rig t Organisations & NGOs
in India

National Human Rig ts Commission

Indian Institute of Human Rig ts, New Del i

Social Legal Information Cell, New Del i

Sout Asia Peace Forum, New Del i

Association for t e Protection of Domestic Rig ts, Mumbai

Human Rig t Organisation & NGOs in Banglades

Banglades Human Rig ts Bureau

Refugees and Migration Unit, D aka.

Inter Religious Unit for Peace

Banglades Association for UNHCR (Eminent Persons Group )

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Refugees and Social Relations ip
Globalization also support:

Enjoyment of common language culture and lifestyle (Rit

Bengalis)

S are cultural norms wit Indian Muslim communities.

Common Food Habits,

Multilingual culture

Kins ip Bonds (Marriage sindhurs ,bindis, sarees, rituals,

traditional dresses, etc)

Intermixing be aviors (wors ip, caste, race, Language)

S elter in slum areas (Mumbai, Kolkata and Del i)

Role of Transborder §alals (Brokers)

Enjoyment of common language culture and lifestyle

Dalals in Banglades and India ± recruit µmanpower¶ agencies, touts,

brokers, travel agents, etc wit political support.

Indian documents like passports, voters ID, and ration-cards are easily
available to minimize t e risks of detention

Activities like smuggling and drug trafficking wit support of refugees

work well.

Indian Documents like passports, voters ID, and ration-cards are easily

available to minimize t e risks of detention

Activates on Porous Border- An Easy Asset as s own below :

Vote Banking & Political Parties

Religion & Cross Border
Migration associated
wit Muslim Banglades i
Refugees

Hindu Refuges support to
BJP¶s Hindutva and
Hindus Ras tra (Nation)

—peration Push Back plan (
1992)Political Division in
Congress. Congress upset
wit BJP¶s Anti Muslim
Ideology

Earlier leaders like VP
Sing , HKL B agat,
sympat isers wit Muslim
Banglades is
 Opinions of Banglades is in India

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þI am being forced to go. I am t e only one from my family w o is

being send away. My two kinds and wife are still ere´
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R at Opposition Leaders Say ?

´Congress government depends on illegal Banglades is for winning

elections´
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Describes as invisible silent invasion and demograp ic aggression

Conduct of Nationwide survey.

Hig lig t t eir in context on political controversies.

Stringent action against Refugees Crossing over Indian Border

No compromise wit Muslim refugees

Easy way to enter in India as s own in picture

 Outcomes

T e Anti Muslim sentiments in India promote Anti-Hindu Sentiments in

in Banglades (11 % Hindu population).

Hig er cases of deportation against Muslims.

Modus Operandi of µ Action Plan¶ for identification, detection and

deportation presents controversies.

Undermines peace process

BSF Role questioned

Merciless killings of BSF Personnel (Indian) by Local Banglades is is

frequently reported (as one picture s own below-extreme left ±first one
w ile second and t ird slides s ow t e BSF on Duty
Problems Countered & Measures

cross border movements of illegal migrants ( 15

million since 1971).

Militant Activities like ULFA,BODO on rise

Counter Killings of BSF and BDR - a routine exercise.

Various Legislations in India

Illegal Migration Determination by Tribunals

Foreign Contribution Regulation Act

Mobile Task Force

National Security System

 Does Globalisation accept Restriction over Refugees ?
(Some positive arguments )

In colonial sense, Banglades is a part of India.

India-t e largest economic laboratory in Sout Asia.

India as a responsible member of Global Community.

Issue of Dual Nationality currently demanding.

Border management-no more a serious problems, t anks to IT

revolution.

Acquiring Voters ID Cards, driving license, ration cards etc are

assets for t e politicians.

p rases like µdocumented¶, µirregular¶ and µillegal¶ now

documented and accepted terminologies.

Migration industry a crucial to new economic flow in Sout Asia.

 PEACE INITIATIVES

1971: Independence of Banglades : S aik Mujib¶s policy of

peace for Banglades i Minorities

1972 : S anti Lama,CHT C ief proposed for Parbattiya

C ittagram Jana Sang Samiti-PCJSS (C ittagram Hill Peoples¶
Association.

1986 : Amnesty International Peace Proposal for Refugees

1993 : International Conference : ³C akma in New Partners ip.

1994 : Tripura based Humanity Protection Forum wit PCJSS.

June 1999 : Kolkata La ore Bus Yatra (Journey)

May 2003: Romen for D aka Peace Trips (Journey

October 2003: US Plan to Start Asian University for Romen in

D aka

21 Marc 2006 Del i D aka Steps to Build Trust

 _(

Rig t to live wit Dignity access to Uniform

Treatment.

NGOs need to work as Independent Bodies.

Initiative for partners ip wit international NGOs.

Immediate implementation of National Migration

Policy wit support of National Human Rig ts
Commission.

Better Management t roug creative partners ip wit

local bodies.

Incentives for essential commodities.

Funding operations in refugee camps.

    

Representations of Refugees at wider scale by all

means.

No case of arassment and arbitrary prosecution be

allowedÄ

Freedom for family reunification, c oice to opt

citizens ip to promote integration into larger community.

People to people initiatives to monitor t e political

development.

Incentives for greater democratization for effective

communication policy.

Hold responsible for officials about any misgiving.

Bot India and Banglades need to work wit UNHCR

to offer better possibilities of resettlements.
 By
Dr. Badar Uddin
Reader in Political Science
PES College of Arts & Science
( Goa University )
Farmagudi, Ponda ± 403 401
GoaOINDIA
E-Mail: drbadar@rediffmail.com