A PRESENTATION ON

-:SHIP TRIALS & MANEUVERING:-

By: Santosh
 Contents
Introduction to controllability

Spiral test

Pull out test

Zig-zag test

Turning circle test

Stopping test
 Controllability-

 Controllability of a Ship includes :-

 Starting a ship
 Maintaining steady heading
 Control change in direction
 Slowing
 Stopping
 Backing
 -:Spiral test:-
If your rudder is fixed , does the ship
maintain the straight line ….???
The main purpose is to asses the straight
line stability.
If a ship does not have straight line
stability ship will deviate from their on
straight line path.
 Steps involve in spiral test
 Set a steady course speed.
 Give some rudder angle say 15˚(Бr).
 After some time it will start steady turning
rate(Ψ̊ or r).
 Measure Ψ̊ or r.
 Reduce the rudder angle by small angle (say by 2˚)
 Measure Ψ̊ or r.
 Repeat the above steps till “ Бr=-Бr”
 Plot a graph b/w Бr & r.
 Generally skage is used to correct such type of instability.
Rudder angle Vs steady rate of turning
 -:PULL OUT TEST:-
To find out the relation b/w rudder angle(Бr) & steady
rate of turn(Ψ̊).
Almost related to Spiral test.
Procedure to carry POT:-
---give study forward motion.
---set rudder angle say 20˚.
---wait till Ψ̊ is steady.
--- bring rudder to zero.
--- now note down the value of Ψ̊ for each time
intervals.
---plot the graph b/w rate of turn & time.
 -:ZIG-ZAG TEST:-

 Response of Rudder.
 Effect on ship when you give some rudder
angle.
 There are many type of ZIG-ZAG Maneuver
test carried out like…..
1) 10/10
2)20/20
3)20/30
etc…….
 ZIG –ZAG Maneuvering (10/10)
Set forward steady motion.
Set rudder angle say10˚.
Wait , the ship to come heading angle 10˚.
As heading angle reaches 10˚,change the rudder
angle to -10˚.
 Wait till the ship heading angle comes to -10 ̊ .
 Now ,again change the rudder angle to 10˚.
 Wait till the heading angle comes to 10˚.
 Plot the graph b/w (Бr &БΨ) along Y-axis and
time along X-axis.
Zig-Zag maneuver
 Turning Circle test
Ability of a vessel to turn.
Important in case of small space during
turning.
Specially for large vessel @ port.
It is also carried by forward motion of vessel.
Steps involved:-
I. allow the vessel to move in straight .
II. Give some rudder angle & maintain the RA.
III. Now vessel will have steady turning rate.
IV. Measure advance, tactical, transfer distance, etc
Turning circle test
 Advance & tactical diameter criteria

 IMO requires that the tactical diameter is to

be less than 5 ship’s length.
 Advance is to be less than 4.5 ship’s length.
 Stopping test

• Measured by “track reach” & “head reach”

• Realized in a stop engine & full astern
maneuver.
• At the test speed until the ahead speed in ship
ordinates changes sign.
• Base on IMO requirements the track should
not exceed the 15 ship’s length.
Stopping test
 Stopping test & related definition

Track reach: Is defined as a distance along the

vessel’s track that the vessel’s covers from the
moment that the “full astern” command is
given until ahead speed changes sign.
Head reach: Is defined as a distance along the
direction of the course at the moment when
the “full astern” command is given.
Thank You….