2.

1 The Classes of Food

KPT 3013 1
2
 Carbohydrates
1. Carbohydrates are organic compound made
up of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.

2. Carbohydrates gives us the most energy.

3. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1.

4. Carbohydrates includes sugar, starch, simple

sugar and cellulose.

5. Examples of food rich in carbohydrates are

3
rice, bread, potatoes, flour and sugar.
 Example of Carbohydrates

4 KPT 3013
 Proteins
1. Proteins are organic compound containing carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

2. Sulphur and phosphorus are sometimes present.

3. A molecule of protein is made up of large number of

subunits called amino acids.

4. Proteins are needed for growth and the repair of body

tissues.

5. They are also needed for formation of enzymes, hormones,

haemoglobin and antibodies.

6.
5
Examples of proteins are milk, fish, eggs, chicken and bean
curd.
 Fats

1. Fats are compound of carbon, hydrogen and

oxygen.
2. Fats is stored under the skin or around the
body.
3. Fats helps us keep warm and protects organs
from damage.
4. Fats helps us transports vitamins A, D, E and K.
5. Fats consists of smaller unit of fatty acids
combined with glycerol.

6
 Vitamins
1. Vitamins are organic compounds needed in
small amounts by our body for health and growth.

2. Vitamins are divided into two groups which are

water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins.

3. Water-soluble vitamins are vitamins B and C,

whereas fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E
and K.

7
 Vitamin Source Function Deficiency Disease
Milk, butter, egg yolk,
A carrot, tomato, green
- night vision,
- healthy skin
- night blindness
- skin defections
vegetables

- Releases energy from

carbohydrates
B Yeast, eggs, liver
- Healthy nervous system
- Healthy skin
- beriberi
- anaemis
- Formation of red blood
cells

C Fresh fruits and vegetables

- healing of wounds
- resistance to disease
- scurvy (bleeding gums)

D Butter, fish oils, eggs - strong bones and teeth

- rickets (soft bones and
dental decay)

- May be needed for

E Cereals, green vegetables
reproduction
- Helps to fight against
- sterility
diseases

Milk, butter, egg yolk,

K carrot, tomato, green - clotting of blood - prolonged bleeding
8 vegetables
 Minerals
Minerals are inorganic substances needed in our body in
small amounts for healthy growth and development.

9 KPT 3013
 Mineral Source Function Deficiency Disease
- strong bones and teeth - rickets
Calcium Cheese, milk. Eggs. green
vegetables
- blood clotting
- muscle and nerve
- osteoporosis
- prolonged bleeding
activities - muscular cramps

Sodium Tables salt, cheese, meat

- maintains body fluids
- proper functioning of - muscular cramps
nerves

- needed to form
Iron Meat, eggs, green
vegetables
hemoglobin in red blood - anemia
cells

Iodine Seafood, iodised salt

- needed to make hormones - goitre (swelling of the
of the thyroid glands thyroid gland in the neck)

- strong bones and teeth

Phosphorus Eggs, meat, milk, cheese,
vegetables
- muscle contraction
- rickets
- weakness
- stores energy

- maintains body fluids

Potassium Meat. Nuts, bananas
- proper functioning of
nerves
- weak muscle
- paralysis
- regulation of heartbeat
10
 Fibre
1. Fibre is also known as roughage.

2. Fibre is made up of cellulose from plant cell walls.

3. Fibre CANNOT be digested in our body.

4. Fibre holds a lot of water so that our faeces remains

soft and can pass from our body easily.

5. Fibre can prevents constipation.

11 KPT 3013
 Water

1. Water makes up 70% of our body.

2. Water is the main components of our blood and body

fluids.

3. Water can dissolve a lot of other chemicals in our body and

allows chemical to react.

4. Waste substances such as urea and salts are passed from

our body in water

5. Water helps us to regulate our body temperature.

6.12Water lost through urine and sweat MUST be replaced.

13 KPT 3013
14 KPT 3013
15 KPT 3013
16 KPT 3013