USB

(UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS)

AGENDA
 Shortcomings of original PC I/O paradigm
 Overview of USB

 Driver Architecture

 USB versions

 USB transfer types

 USB connectors

 USB topology

 USB system software

 USB features
WHY USB ?

 Shortcomings of the Original PC I/O Paradigm

 Limited System Resources

 Interrupt Lines Shortage

 I/O address conflicts

 Non-shareable Interfaces
SYSTEM RESOURCES USED BY
PERIPHERAL DEVICES
OVERVIEW
 USB is used to establish communication between
devices and a host controller.

 Ithas effectively replaced a variety of interfaces

such as serial and parallel ports.

 USB can connect computer peripherals such as

mice, keyboards, digital cameras, printers, Network
Adapters, external hard drives etc.
DRIVER ARCHITECTURE
 USB driver architecture consists of:
 Host computer,

 Physical bus,

 USB devices.

 The main responsibility of the host computer is to control data

transfers to and from USB devices.

 Thephysical bus is the set of USB cables that links the

controller with the peripherals.

 USBdevices are peripherals that use the USB specifications to

communicate with the host computer.
VERSIONS
 USB 1.0
 Introduced in 1996
 Data transfer rate:
o 1.5 MB/s for high bandwidth devices such as disk
drives
o 0.2 MB/s for low bandwidth devices such as joysticks
 First widely used version was 1.1
VERSIONS

 USB 2.0
 Released in 2000

 High data transfer rate i.e. 60 MB/s

 Adds support for dedicated chargers (power supplies

with USB connectors)
VERSIONS

 USB 3.0
 Released in 2008
 Data transfer rate: 400 MB/s

 Successfully increased the data transfer rate,

decreased power consumption etc.
 Includes a new, higher speed bus called “Super
Speed” in parallel with the USB 2.0 bus
USB TRANSFER TYPES
 Data transfer takes place between the memory buffer on
the host computer and an endpoint on USB device.
 Endpoints are the ultimate producers or consumers of
data that is transmitted across the bus.
 All USB devices have a special endpoint, known as
endpoint 0, which supports the generic USB status and
configuration protocol.
USB TRANSFER TYPES
 Isochronous

- Transfer requires a constant delivery rate

- Timely data delivery is more important
than accurate data transfer
- USB microphone and speaker
USB TRANSFER TYPES
 Interrupt

- Used to poll devices to check if they have

any interrupt data to transmit
- used for devices that provide small
amount of data at irregular intervals
- Keyboard, mouse
USB TRANSFER TYPES
 Bulk
- used for devices that have amount
of data to receive
- require guaranteed delivery
- printer and scanner
USB TRANSFER TYPES
 Control

- Used by USB system to configure and

issue commands to USB devices
- It takes place between host computer and
endpoint 0 of usb device
- It is bidirectional
USB CONNECTORS
 Series A connector

- used in keyboard and mouse

USB CONNECTORS
 SeriesB connector
- used in printer
USB CONNECTORS
 Miniand Micro connector
- used in mobile phones, digital camera
USB TOPOLOGY
USB SYSTEM SOFTWARE
 2 Layers of USB System Software:
 Upper layer of USB device driver.
 Lower layer of USB functions.

 USB Functions :
 Manage all communication between USB device drivers and
the host computer's built-in USB root hub.
 Load and unload USB device drivers at the appropriate times.
 Translate data to and from the USB protocol's frame and
packet formats.
 Perform generic configuration and status-related tasks by
establishing communication with the generic endpoint on all
USB devices.
USB SYSTEM SOFTWARE(CONT…)
 During a data transfer, the flow of operation typically proceeds in
the following sequence:
 A USB device driver initiates transfers by using USB driver
interface functions to issue requests to the USB driver module.
 The USB driver module passes the requests to the HCD module.
 The HCD module divides requests into individual transactions,
based on its knowledge of the bus and on characteristics of the
USB devices that are connected to the bus, and schedules these
transactions over the bus.
The host controller hardware performs or completes the
transactions.
All transactions on the bus originate from the host side;
the peripherals are totally dependent.
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN USB
DEVICES
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN USB
DEVICES
USB TRANSFER LAYERS
PACKET TYPE AND CRC
ENDPOINT DESCRIPTOR
USB FEATURES
REFERENCES
 http://www.mindshare.com/files/ebooks/Universal%20S
erial%20Bus%20System%20Architecture .
pdf
 http://www.scribd.com/doc/14569496/USB-System-Arc
hitecture
 http://www.usb.org/developers/presentations/SuperSpeed
_USB_DevCon_Architecture_Overview_Dunstan.pdf
 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa930493.aspx
 A N K
T H U ! !
Y O