Post-Harvest Of Grapes

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

Grapes

 Botanical Name:- Vitis vinifera

 Family:- Vitaceae
 Grape is a non-climacteric fruit grows on the perennial and
deciduous woody vines of the genus Vitis.
 Grapes can be eaten raw or used for making jam, juice, jelly,
vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, and grape seed oil.
Grapes are also used in some kinds of confectionery.
 There are more than 50 varieties of grapes
 Rich source of vitamin A.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Grapes grow in clusters of 6 to 300.
 Crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green and pink.
 Grapes are actually green in color, and are derived from the
red grape.
 Dried grapes are referred as 'raisins' or the local equivalent.
Grapes can be eaten or used for making jam, juice, jelly,
vinegar, wine
 Grapes are mostly cultivated in Northern regions of Pakistan
 Available from June to Oct.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Grapes Production
In Pakistan, grape is a minor fruit used as fresh and dry.
 It ranks on 10th position among fruits in Pakistan.

In the year 2008-09 the grape production in Pakistan was

estimated to be 122,000 tones on an area of about 14,000

hectares .
This was the highest production in the last nine years.

In Pakistan only European grapes are cultivated

commercially .

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

Grapes In Balochistan
 Over 70% of grapes are produced in Balochistan, while in
other provinces grapes are produced at small scale.
 After apple grape is the major fruit crop being produced in
Balochistan. 
 In Balochistan more than70 % grapes are grown in Pishin,
Killa Abdullah and Mastung.
 The other grape producing areas are Quetta, Zhob and Loralai.
The production of grapes in NWFP is very much less in
quantity.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Varieties of grapes
 During the last nine years grapes production is growing at the
rate of 11.5 percent per annum. Varieties of grapes which are
grown in Pakistan include
 Gola peshweri

 Sra Kishmish.

 Sundar Khani.

 Askari.

 Flame seedless.

 King's Ruby.

 Black Prince.

 Hussaini and Perlette

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

Kala munakka Hussani Black Prince.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

Flame seedless kings ruby perlette

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

Life Cycle of a Grapevine

• New Bud

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

Flowering

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

Immature Grape Cluster

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Crop Load vs. Quality

• Large crops = lower quality

• Smaller crop = higher quality
• Economics of crop size and quality
– Pruning
– Irrigation
– Crop thinning
– Clone(Propagated through original rootstock
vegetatively).

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

Pruning

• Most Important Cultural Practices in The

Management of Grapes.

 Select superior potential fruiting wood.

 Maintain vine shape.
 Regulate the number of buds retained per vine.
 Balance fruit productivity and vegetative grow.th

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Grape Maturity
 Sugar content - measured in Brix
 (1 Brix = 1 %)
 21-24 Brix
 Acidity and pH

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Harvesting
 Hand Harvesting
 Labor intensive.
 Best condition fruit.
 Machine Harvesting
 No need for large picking crews.
 Fruit quality can be less than hand harvested.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

Grape Harvest in France Grape Harvester in USA

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Pests and Diseases
 Rot and Powdery & Downey mildew
 Usually controlled with applications of sulpher
 Anthracnose
 Botrytis
 Japanese Beetle
 Moth
 Mites

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Diseases

 Downey Mildew Powdery Mildew

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

Diseases

 Grapes Anthracnose Botrytis Effect

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Role of Contractor & Middle-
man

 The role of these contractor, they visit the vineyards and

analyze the product and deal a contract considering the
quality and quantity of the grapes.
 They give 50% payment to farmer at the spot and
remaining is given after selling the product.
 The middleman arrange the labor and transport by
themselves.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Transportation
 Grapes after sorting and packing in the field are transported to
their destiny.
 A middleman M. Omar Javeed told us some quantity of grapes
is being imported from Afghanistan to Pakistan and it reaches
from Afghanistan to Faisalabad.
 In about 28-32 hours. And grapes are transported from
Peshawar to Faisalabad. In 8-9 hours.
 The contracted driver has to come in time to the destiny
otherwise his wages are cut off according to time.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
 Packing
 They are generally packed in card boards which
according to him cost Rs.27 each.
 Packing is not according to international standard.
 If there is no hole present in the box than produce will
fast toward senescence.
 Packing box 5 kg of china grapes while Pakistani
grapes packing 10-15 kg.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
 Storage condition
 Grapes are not stored for weeks, they are stored in
Pakistan for few days and marketed as they have low
shelf life.
 0 to 2°C (32 to 36°F),
 90-95% relative humidity.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

International Storage Of Grapes

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Market Visit
 We visited the Saddhar Market, Faisalabad.
 We met middlemen, hawkers and some of the farmers to
gather info about our crop.
 We met with middle man named Muhammad Omar Javeed,
46 years old having experience of 16 years.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 Auctioning
 Auctioning was being done at 7:30a.m.
 The grapes are taken to market here comes the auction
again each packet is evaluated according to the quality
normally hawkers do this for conveying the
commodity to the final consumers.
 Each packet varies in weight from 05-15 kg.
 Middle man gets Rs.10 on the each packet.
 3-5% additional profit from the farmer in selling his
product in the market, in this way the middlemen takes
so much profit .

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
 Varieties of Grapes in Market
 Sunderkhani
 Gola Peshawari
 Chines Grapes
 Kala Manakka.

 Sunderkhani is preferred in the market because of its sweet taste

and it costs Rs.1200-1400/ 10 Kg cardboard box .
 China grapes is Rs.500/5Kg packet.
 This price was in auction.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA
 Availability in Market
 Normally these verities except china grapes are
available in market from AUG-OCT and they are sold
at peak in especially in the month of Ramadan.
 In November the quantity of sunderkhani reduces and
selling of china grapes start.
 The only problem with china grapes is that they are
not sweet, almost tasteless.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

 People Demand
 The problem with cultivar TOFI is its seeds.
 If they are in short supply, then they can be sold at higher
rates.
 Mostly people want seedless grapes.

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA

USMAN JAVED CHEEMA