FIGHTING WITH FIRES

Call For
Fire
 FIGHTING WITH FIRES

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

SAFETY: NONE

RISK: LOW

ENVIROMENTAL: NONE

EVALUATION: You must receive a GO on the CFF

exam.
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 FIGHTING WITH FIRES

Forward Observer
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Fire Direction Center

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Firing Unit
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Terminal Learning
Objective
ACTION: Request and Adjust Indirect Fires

CONDITION: In a classroom environment given a 3

hr block of instruction on call for fire

STANDARD: Request and Adjust Indirect fires. At a

minimum student must use observer identification,
warning order, target location, and target
description and adjust the rounds using the mil-
relation formula and the successive bracketing
technique within 50 meters of target. IAW
FM 3-09.30 (6-30).
 FIGHTING WITH FIRES

Enabling Learning
Objective A
ACTION: Identify the six elements of the call
for fire.

CONDITION: In a classroom environment,

given a list of call for fire elements.

STANDARD: Identify the six elements of the

call for fire IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).
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SIX ELEMENTS
ESSENTIAL OPTIONAL
ELEMENTS ELEMENTS

1. Identification
4. Method of
2. Warning Order Engagement
3. Target Location
6. Method of Fire
4. Target Description and Control
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1. IDENTIFICATION
FDC de OP1

THUNDER 30 de SPARTAN 30

ASSASIN 20 de APACHE 30
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2. WARNING ORDER
TYPES OF MISSIONS METHOD OF
LOCATION
Adjust fire
Grid
Fire For Effect
Polar
Immediate
Shift from Known
Suppression/SMK Point
Suppression
NOTE: GRID IS A STANDARD MISSION
FOR ARTILLERY AND MORTARS, SO IT
IS NOT STATED IN THE WARNING
ORDER.
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FIRST RADIO TRANSMISSION

CONSISTING OF THE FIRST TWO
ELEMENTS

H39 de G40 AF K

H39 de G40 AF POLAR K

H39 de G40 AF SHIFT FROM KNPT 1 K

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3. TARGET LOCATION
3 METHODS

GRID - Min 6 digits (may send 10)

POLAR - Direction, Distance to TGT from

your location, plus (U/D) altitude

SHIFT FROM KNOWN PT - Direction,

R/L, Add/Drop(+/-), (U/D) altitude
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SECOND RADIO TRANSMISSION

CONSISTING OF THE THIRD ELEMENT
GRID
Grid ML234356

POLAR
DIRECTION 5430 DISTANCE 3200, U/D
50

SHIFT FROM KNOWN POINT

DIR 1860, R/L 150, ADD/DROP(+/-)
600, U/D 40
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4. TARGET
DESCRIPTION
SIZE / ELEMENT 1 / PLT

NOMENCLATURE / NATURE T-72 / TANK

ACTIVITY STATIONARY

P ROTECTION IN THE OPEN

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THIRD RADIO TRANSMISSION

CONSISTING OF THE FOURTH
ELEMENT

3 T72s, 2 BMPs DUG IN K

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5. METHOD OF
ENGAGEMENT
Danger Close
Ammunition

Trajectory
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5.METHOD OF
ENGAGEMENT
DANGER CLOSE
What is Danger close for Artillery and
Mortars?
Ammunition
What are some types of ammunition?
-DPICM, WP, Smoke, SADARM, Illum
Trajectory
Two types: High Angle, Low Angle
LOW ANGLE IS STANDARD FOR
ARTILLERY
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6. METHOD OF FIRE AND

CONTROL
W A T
WHEN READY
(LESS CONTROL, FASTER
RESPONSE)
WHEN READY IS STANDARD
*DOES NOT NEED TO BE
ANNOUNCED*
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METHOD OF CONTROL
W A T
AT MY COMMAND
(AMC )
ABLE TO MASS FIRES AND BETTER
EFFECTS
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METHOD OF CONTROL
W A T
TIME ON TARGET
(TOT)
STANDARD IS +/- 3 SEC RDS SHOULD BE
IMPACTED ON THE GROUND WITH
ROUNDS COMPLETE
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QUESTIONS ?
WHAT IS THE STANDARD METHOD OF TGT
LOCATION?
** GRID **
WHAT IS THE STANDARD TRAJECTORY FOR ARTY?
**LOW ANGLE**
WHAT IS THE STANDARD AMMO FOR MTR AND ARTY ?
**HIGH EXPLOSIVE **

Which element of the cff do you specify

ammo ?
5th ELEMENT, METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT
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Enabling Learning Objective B

ACTION: Identify the Five Rules of
Direction

CONDITION: In a classroom
environment, given the five rules of
directions.

STANDARD: Identify the Five Rules of

Direction without use of reference
material.
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FIVE RULES OF
DIRECTION
1. O
2 M
3. G
4. 10
5. 4
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FIVE RULES OF
DIRECTION
1. Observer to Target
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FIVE RULES OF
DIRECTION
1. Observer to target
2. Mils
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0000
6400 N
0800
5600
2. MILS

4800 1600

2400
4000
3200
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FIVE RULES OF
DIRECTION
1. Observer to target
2. Mils
3. Grid
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FIVE RULES OF
DIRECTION
3. GRID DIRECTION
6400 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500

0600

0700

1/50,000
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FIVE RULES OF
DIRECTION
1. Observer to target
2. Mils
3. Grid
4. Nearest 10 mils
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INCREMENTS OF TEN

0012 = 0010

0017 = 0020

0825 = 0820
1631 = 1630
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FIVE RULES OF
DIRECTION
1. Observer to target
2. Mils
3. Grid
4. Nearest 10 mils
5. 4 - Digits
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FIVE RULES OF
DIRECTION
• 4 – DIGITS/ MILS

0070
0100
0010
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Enabling Learning Objective C

ACTION: Prepare a call for fire for a Polar

Plot mission.

CONDITION: In a classroom environment

given Polar Plot mission information.

STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire for a

Polar Plot mission using the information
given IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).
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POLAR CALL FOR FIRE

FDC needs to know your location
prior to Call for Fire
Direction (Nearest 10 mils)
Distance (Nearest 100 Meters)

Change in elevation (If 35 M or

greater send in increments of 5 M.
If less than 35 M disregard.)
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DIR 1600

ALT 200

DIS 2200 m

FDC de OP1_________k
AF POLAR

Dir_____Dis_____
1600 2200 U / ___k
45
1 Tank STAT. I/O k
ALT 155
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ALT 155 DI
S1
50
0m

AF POLAR
FDC de OP1_________k DIR 2100
ALT 145
2100 1500
Dir_____Dis_____k
1 Tank STAT. I/O k
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ALT 300 DI
S
25
00

AF POLAR k
FDC de OP1________ DIR 2510
2510 2500 D 80 ALT 220
Dir_____Dis_____ ___k
1 Tank STAT. I/O k
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REVIEW
WHAT DOES THE FDC NEED TO KNOW PRIOR TO
POLAR MSN CFF?
Your location
WHAT INCREMENTS DO YOU SEND DIRECTION ?
TEN
WHEN SENDING DISTANCE , YOU SEND IT TO
THE NEAREST ?

100 METERS
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Enabling Learning
Objective D
ACTION: Prepare a call for fire using the
grid method of target location.

CONDITION: Given grid mission

information.

STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire using

the grid method of target location with
the information given IAW FM 3-09.30
(6-30).
 FIGHTING WITH FIRES

CALL FOR FIRE

FDC de OP1 AF k
GRID 123456 k
1 Tank Stationary I/O k
DIR 1200 k
If firing an adjust fire grid mission,
the FDC requires a direction (nearest
10 mils) from the observer to the
target with or prior to the first
correction being sent.
The five rules of direction apply.
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REVIEW
What is min# of digits required by FDC ?

6-DIGITS FDC CAN TAKE UP TO TEN

WHEN DO YOU STATE DIRECTION WITH THE

GRID MISSION ?

AFTER YOUR 3rd TRANSMISSION OR

BEFORE YOUR FIRST CORRECTION
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Enabling Learning
Objective E
ACTION: Prepare a call for fire using the
shift from known point method of target
location.

CONDITION: Given shift from known point

information.

STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire using the

shift from known point method of target
location with the information given IAW
FM 3-09.30 (FM 6-30).
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Shift from known point

format
FDC de OP1, AF Shift from kn pt___, k

DIR____L/R____+/-____U/D____, k

3 T-72 stationary, I/O, k

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WORM FORMULA
W=RxM
Used to determine the LEFT or RIGHT lateral shift
from the known point to the target in
meters.

“W” is the LEFT or RIGHT shift that is

transmitted to the FDC.

“R” is the range from the Observer to the

known point, divided by one thousand.

“M” is the difference in MILS from the known

point direction and the target direction.
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Shift From Known

Point
Direction (Nearest 10 mils) (Five rules
of direction apply)
Lateral shift (Minimum of 30 meters
and sent to the Nearest 10 Meters)
Range (Nearest 100 Meters)

Change in elevation (If more than 35

m send in increments of 5 m. If less
than 35 m disregard.)
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TARGET

DIR
1000
KN PT DIR 1100
1
DIS 700

L 70 W = R X M
L70 = .7 x 100

OBSERVER

Determine the lateral shift….

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TARGET

DIR
4500 KN PT DIR 4580
1
DIS 1300

L100 W = R X M
L 104 = 1.3 x 80
L 100
OBSERVER

Determine the lateral shift….

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KN PT
DIR 1760
2
DIS 2000
DIR 1800

R 80 W = R X M
R 80 = 2 x 40

OBSERVER

Determine the lateral shift….

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DETERMINING RANGE
CORRECTION
• The observer determines the
difference (range change) in range
from the known point and target.

• If the target is beyond the known

point, his correction would be ADD
(so many meters).

• If the target is short of the known

point his correction would be DROP
(so many meters).
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TARGET

DIS
1300
DIS 700
KNPT
1

Target is beyond known

point.
Correction is ADD 600
meters
OBSERVER
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KN PT
1
DIS 1900

TARGET

DIS 1200

Target is Short known

point.
OBSERVER
Correction is DROP 700
meters
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DIRECTION 4500
DISTANCE 1700
ALT 300
FDC: H30
KN PT
1 OBS: K16
DIRECTION 4650
DISTANCE 1500
ALT 230

H30 de K16 AF Shift from KN Pt 1 k

DIR 4650 R 260 DROP 200 Dn 70 k
1 Tank Stationary I/O k
OBSERVER

COMPLETE THE CALL FOR FIRE….

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DIRECTION 0100
DISTANCE 2600
ALT 200 FDC: H30
OBS: K16

KN PT DIRECTION 0210
2 DISTANCE 1900
ALT100

H30 de K16 AF Shift from Kn Pt 2 k

DIR 0100 L 210 ADD 700 UP 100 k
OBSERVER 1 Tank Stationary I/O k
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DIRECTION 0630
DISTANCE 2600
ALT 250 FDC: H30
OBS: K16

DIRECTION 0790
KN PT DISTANCE 1900
3
ALT 270

H30 de K16 AF Shift from Kn Pt 3 k

DIR 0630 L 300 ADD 700 k
OBSERVER 1 Tank Stationary I/O k
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REVIEW
When doing a shift mission, what does
W represent in the worm formula?
The L/R lateral shift
When doing a shift mission, what
does R represent in the worm formula?
Range to the Kn point from the
observer and divided by 1000
What is the min. deviation correction sent?
30 meters
What does FDC need to know when doing a
shift mission?
THE TGT NUMBER OR KN POINT YOU ARE SHIFTING FROM
 FIGHTING WITH FIRES

Enabling Learning Objective

F
ACTION: Identify elements of the
Message To Observer (MTO).

CONDITION: Given a list of the elements

of the Message To Observer (MTO).

STANDARD: Identify the elements of the

Message to Observer (MTO) without
the use of reference materials.
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MESSAGE TO OBSERVER
Call sign of Bulls
unit(s) to fire

Changes to Call HE/VT in effect

for fire

2 rounds
Number of rounds
per tube in FFE
AB2001
Target Number
 FIGHTING WITH FIRES

Enabling Learning Objective

G
ACTION: Make subsequent corrections.

CONDITION: Given a target and

impacting rounds

STANDARD: Make subsequent

corrections using the successive
bracketing method to achieve effects
within 50 meters of the target with a
maximum of five rounds.
 FIGHTING WITH FIRES

ADJUSTMENT
PROCEDURES
The observer makes corrections to
move the round to the target.

Corrections are sent to the FDC as

LEFT/RIGHT to the nearest 10
meters corrections, ADD/DROP
(range corrections)

NOTE: corrections less than 30

meters are not sent
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OT FACTOR
The OT Factor is used to determine the
LEFT/RIGHT deviation correction.
To determine the OT factor when the OT
range is greater than 1000 meters, the
range from the observer to the target
(OT distance) is divided by 1000 and
expressed as a whole number,if it
ends in a .5 round to the nearest even
whole number.(I.e. 1.5 is 2)
For an OT range less than 1000 meters,
the distance is divided by 1000 and
expressed as a decimal/number (i.e.
0.7).
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OT FACTOR
OT DISTANCE OT FACTOR

4000 =4 = 4
3500 = 3.5 = 4
2500 = 2.5 = 2
1500 =1.5 = 2
900 =.9 = .9

NOTE: USE ARTILLERY EXPRESSION WHEN

DETERMINING OT FACTOR
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OT FACTOR
OT DISTANCE OT FACTOR

9500 = 9.5 = 10
8500 = 8.5 = 8
2600 = = 3
2.6 = 6
6500 =6.5 = 3
3400 =3.4
NOTE: USE ARTILLERY EXPRESSION WHEN
DETERMINING OT FACTOR
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SPOTTING
By using the reticle pattern inside a pair
of military binoculars or the Hand
method the observer can determine
the number of mils between the
impacting round and the target
(DEVIATION CORRECTION).
The spotting is the number of mils
between the round and the target that
is measured with the binocular reticle
pattern or the Hand method.
The reticle tick marks are in increments
of 10 mils.
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Spotting

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5
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DEVIATION CORRECTION
To determine the deviation
correction you must multiply the
spotting times the OT Factor
OT OT FACTOR SPOTTING DEVIATION
DISTANCE CORRECTION
(METERS)
4000 4 45R L 180
2500 2 100L R 200

3400 3 20L R 60
1500 2 20R L 40
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OT 2
CORR
= L60

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5
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OT 2

CORR
= R80

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5
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Deviation corrections OT 1
less than 30 not sent
CORR
= L20

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5
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HAND METHOD TO
DETERMINE SPOTTING

300 Mils 180 Mils 125 Mils 100 Mils 70 Mils 30 Mils
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RANGE CORRECTIONS
Successive Bracketing
Range corrections are based on whether
the round impacts OVER or SHORT of the
target.
The first range correction is based on the
FO's best judgment as to the correct
range change.
The goal is to establish a bracket, that is,
one round OVER and one round SHORT of
the target.
As the bracket is established, the FO
continues to split his bracket in half.
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SUCCESSIVE BRACKETING
FIRST ROUND IMPACTS
APROX 250 METERS OVER
THE TGT

DROP
ADD 100 DROP
200 400
ADD
50
FFE

HALF YOUR RANGE CORRECTION EACH TIME

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REVIEW
YOU’VE SPOTTED A PLATOON
ASSEMBLY AREA IN THE OPEN
LOCATED, AT VICINITY GRID
675201,WITH A DIRECTION OF 2810.

“See notes below for answer”

NOTE you can send direction after the third transmission

or along with your first adjustment correction…..
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OT 2
R40

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

DIR 2810 CORR = L80 DROP 400k

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5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

CORR = R 40 ADD 200 k

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OT X SPOT
2 R 20

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

CORR = L 40 DROP 100 k

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OT X SPOT
2 X R 10

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Deviation corrections less

than 30 not sent

CORR = ADD 50 FFE k

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5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

END OF MSN, TGT DESTROYED

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REVIEW
FDC de OP1 AF POLAR k
YOUR AT A RD INTERSECTION,
DIR. 0800 DIS. 4100 k YOU
SPOT ENEMY
AN ENEMY OPTREELINE
OP IN IN THE k
TREELINE AT A DISTANCE OF
4100M. YOUR SMALL ARMS WPNS
CANNOT RANGE IT. YOUR
DIRECTION TO THE OP IS 0800
mils. YOU ARE AT VICINITY GRID
246810.
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REVIEW
You have been sitting on an OP all day
and you have destroyed several
targets and established known points
on the battlefield . You observed a T-
72 dug in.

AB3000 TARGET OP LOC

Grid 345753 Grid 348755 Grid 353801
DIR 1400 DIR 1480 Alt 250
DIS 2000 DIS 2400
ALT 100 ALT 200
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CALL FOR FIRE

FDC de OP1 AF Shift From AB3000k

DIR 1480 R 160 ADD 400 UP 100 k
1 T-72 dug in k
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OT
2

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

CORR = R 8 0 DROP 400 k

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5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

CORR = DROP 200 k

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5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

CORR = L 4 0 ADD 100 k

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5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

CORR = DROP 50 FFE k

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5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

END OF MSN, TGT DESTROYED

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QUESTIONS
??????
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REVIEW
When do send your location for a Polar msn
BEFORE you initiate your call for fire..

How do you make deviation corrections?

OT factor X Spotting

Your OT distance is 3500 meter what is your

OT factor 4.

Distance to the Kn Pt is 3500M….M is 100m

What is the lateral shift in meters350 meters.
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REVIEW

What’s the standard trajectory for Artillery

LOW ANGLE

When using the Hand Method what does 2

fingers represent. 70 mils
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END OF MISSION
Terminal Learning Objective
ACTION: Request and Adjust Indirect Fires.

CONDITION: In a classroom environment given

a 3hr block of instruction on call for fire.

STANDARD: Request and Adjust Indirect fires. At

a minimum student must use observer
identification, warning order, target location,
and target description and adjust the rounds
using the mil-relation formula and the
successive bracketing technique within 50
meters of target. IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).
FIGHTING WITH FIRES